Tumor

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 4 days ago
Related Articles Radiotherapeutic Parameters Predictive of Liver Complications Induced by Liver Tumor Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2008 Sep 25; Authors: Lee IJ, Seong J, Shim SJ, Han KH PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify radiotherapeutic parameters for predicting the occurrence of liver complications induced by radiotherapy of a liver Tumor. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From 2001 to 2003, a total of 131 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. The total dose was determined by the fraction of nontumor liver receiving 50% of the isocenter dose (V(50%)). We evaluated three sets of published radiation dose guidelines using nontumor liver volume or a combination of nontumor liver volume and hepatic functional reserve. The V(50%) was divided into three intervals (<33%, 33-66%, and >66%) and four categories (<25%, 25-49%, 50-75%, and >75%) according to guidelines by the University of Michigan and the Yonsei University, respectively. According to the guideline of Cheng et al., the radiation dose was determined by the indocyanin green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15) and the nontumor liver volume. RESULTS: Of the 131 patients, 13 patients (9.9%) presented with liver complications. The incidence was 11.1%, 10.3%, and 18.2%, respectively, for a V(50%) of less than 33%, 33% to 66%, and more than 66%. The observed hepatic toxicity incidence was 10%, 12.1%, and 10.4% respec ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Computed tomographic findings and prognosis in thymic epithelial Tumor patients. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2008 Sep-Oct;32(5):799-805 Authors: Yakushiji S, Tateishi U, Nagai S, Matsuno Y, Nakagawa K, Asamura H, Kusumoto M OBJECTIVE: To determine which computed tomographic findings are associated with high-risk thymic epithelial tumors and a poor prognosis. METHODS: Computed tomographic findings of thymic epithelial neoplasms were retrospectively evaluated in 75 patients diagnosed with thymic Tumor between January 1997 and October 2003. We analyzed the correlation of the computed tomographic findings, histological subtype according to the World Health Organization classification, and the prognosis. RESULTS: There were 34 with type A approximately B1 Tumor and 41 with type B2 approximately C Tumor. On multiple regression analysis, vascular obliteration and a blunt sternum-anterior mediastinum angle were more frequent with thymic carcinoma than with thymoma. On multivariate analysis, pleural effusion and mediastinal fat infiltration on initial computed tomography had a significant impact on survival. CONCLUSIONS: Vascular obliteration and a blunt sternum-anterior mediastinum angle were predictive of thymic carcinoma. Pleural effusion and mediastinal fat infiltration were predictive of a poor prognosis. PMID: 18830115 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 3 days ago
Related Articles Primary mediastinal germ cell Tumor evolving into an extramedullary acute megakaryoblastic leukemia causing cord compression. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Oct 1;26(28):4686-8 Authors: Brahmanday GR, Gheorghe G, Jaiyesimi IA, Orazi A, Zekman R, Parikh R, Wills SM, Einhorn LH PMID: 18824716 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Accuracy and reproducibility of Tumor positioning during prolonged and multi-modality animal imaging studies. Phys Med Biol. 2008 Sep 30;53(20):5867-5882 Authors: Zhang M, Huang M, Le C, Zanzonico PB, Claus F, Kolbert KS, Martin K, Ling CC, Koutcher JA, Humm JL Dedicated small-animal imaging devices, e.g. positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners, are being increasingly used for translational molecular imaging studies. The objective of this work was to determine the positional accuracy and precision with which tumors in situ can be reliably and reproducibly imaged on dedicated small-animal imaging equipment. We designed, fabricated and tested a custom rodent cradle with a stereotactic template to facilitate registration among image sets. To quantify Tumor motion during our small-animal imaging protocols, 'gold standard' multi-modality point markers were inserted into Tumor masses on the hind limbs of rats. Three types of imaging examination were then performed with the animals continuously anesthetized and immobilized: (i) consecutive microPET and MR images of Tumor xenografts in which the animals remained in the same scanner for 2 h duration, (ii) multi-modality imaging studies in which the animals were transported between distant imaging devices and (iii) serial microPET scans in which the animals were repositioned in the same scanner for subsequent im ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles TMTP1, a novel Tumor-homing peptide specifically targeting metastasis. Clin Cancer Res. 2008 Sep 1;14(17):5494-502 Authors: Yang W, Luo D, Wang S, Wang R, Chen R, Liu Y, Zhu T, Ma X, Liu R, Xu G, Meng L, Lu Y, Zhou J, Ma D PURPOSE: Tumor metastasis continues to be the major obstacle to cancer therapy and the leading cause of cancer-related death. Methods used to detect metastasis, especially occult metastases, have received a great deal attention. In this study, a novel selective peptide was assessed for its specific binding to metastasis. METHODS: The FliTrx bacterial peptide display system, an alternative to phage peptide display, was used to identify a 5-amino acid peptide termed TMTP1 (NVVRQ), which binds to the highly metastatic prostate cancer cell line PC-3M-1E8. The synthetic TMTP1 was tested in vitro for its binding specificity and affinity to highly metastatic cancer cells. The Tumor targeting assays were done in vivo by i.v. injection of FITC-conjugated TMTP1 into Tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS: TMTP1 specifically bound to a series of highly metastatic Tumor cells, including prostate cancer PC-3M-1E8, breast cancer MDA-MB-435S, lung cancer PG-BE1, and gastric cancer MKN-45sci, in vitro and in vivo but not to the poorly metastatic or nonmetastatic cell line, including prostate cancer PC-3M-2B4, breast cancer MCF-7, lung cancer PG-LH7, or murine fibroblast cell NIH/3T3. FITC-TMTP1 strongly and specifically targe ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 3 days ago
Related Articles Immunoscreening of urinary bladder cancer cDNA library and identification of potential Tumor antigen. World J Urol. 2008 Oct 1; Authors: Chen L, Chen W, Zhao L, Yu HZ, Li X OBJECTIVE: To identify potential Tumor antigen by immunoscreening the urinary bladder cancer cDNA library with monoclonal antibodies. METHODS: Monoclonal antibodies were prepared. A cDNA expression library was constructed from bladder cancer cell line BLZ211. Immunogenic proteins were identified by immunoscreening the cDNA library with ten monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: The cDNA library of BLZ211 cells was established using lambdaZAP as vector. The titer of unamplified cDNA library was 1.39x10(6) pfu/ml with a recombinant rate of 97.72%, and titer of amplified one was 8.4x10(9) pfu/ml. After immunoscreening, ten positive clones representing ten different antigens were identified, which include two proteins with unknown function; coactosin-like 1, eukaryotic translation elongation factor, HNRPA1, histidine triad nucleotide binding protein, KRT7, LCN2, TSTA3, zinc finger protein, C11orf48 and HSPC148. CONCLUSION: The cDNA library was of high quality and can be used in further study. By immunoscreening the bladder cancer cDNA library with ten monoclonal antibodies, we identified ten immunogenic proteins that otherwise would not have been identified as potential diagnostic marker and vaccinogens of bladder cancer using the gene discovery effort. PMID: ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Related Articles Tumor hypoxia blocks Wnt processing and secretion through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Mol Cell Biol. 2008 Sep 29; Authors: Verras M, Papandreou I, Lim AL, Denko NC Poorly formed Tumor blood vessels lead to regions of microenvironmental stress due to depletion of oxygen and glucose, and accumulation of waste products (acidosis). These conditions contribute to Tumor progression and correlate with poor patient prognosis. Here we show that the microenvironmental stresses found in the solid Tumor are able to inhibit the canonical Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway. However, Tumor cells harboring common beta-catenin pathway mutations, such as loss of APC, are insensitive to this novel hypoxic effect. The underlying mechanism responsible is hypoxia-induced ER-stress that inhibits normal Wnt protein processing and secretion. ER stress causes dissociation between GRP78/BiP and Wnt, an interaction essential for its correct posttranslational processing. Microenvoronmental stress can therefore block autocrine and paracrine signaling of the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway and negatively affect Tumor growth. This work provides a general paradigm relating oxygen status to ER function and growth factor signaling. PMID: 18824543 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Subsets of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in Tumor-bearing mice. J Immunol. 2008 Oct 15;181(8):5791-802 Authors: Youn JI, Nagaraj S, Collazo M, Gabrilovich DI Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous group of cells that play a critical role in Tumor associated immune suppression. In an attempt to identify a specific subset of MDSC primarily responsible for immunosuppressive features of these cells, 10 different Tumor models were investigated. All models showed variable but significant increase in the population of MDSC. Variability of MDSC expansion in vivo matched closely the effect of Tumor cell condition medium in vitro. MDSC consists of two major subsets of Ly6G(+)Ly6C(low) granulocytic and Ly6G(-)Ly6C(high) monocytic cells. Granulocytic MDSC have increased level of reactive oxygen species and undetectable level of NO whereas monocytic MDSC had increased level of NO but undetectable levels of reactive oxygen species. However, their suppressive activity per cell basis was comparable. Almost all Tumor models demonstrated a preferential expansion of granulocytic subset of MDSC. We performed a phenotypical and functional analysis of several surface molecules previously suggested to be involved in MDSC-mediated suppression of T cells: CD115, CD124, CD80, PD-L1, and PD-L2. Although substantial proportion of MDSC expressed those molecules no differences in the level of their expression or the proport ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Solitary fibrous Tumor of the liver: magnetic resonance imaging evaluation and treatment with transarterial chemoembolization. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2008 Sep-Oct;32(5):769-71 Authors: El-Khouli RH, Geschwind JF, Bluemke DA, Kamel IR Solitary fibrous Tumor (SFT) is an uncommon neoplasm first described as a Tumor of mesenchymal origin that rarely involves the liver. This report presents a rare case of unresectable SFT of the liver and documents the first use of transarterial chemoembolization in its treatment. Three sessions of chemoembolization were performed aiming to reduce the Tumor size or at least stabilize it. Subsequent follow-up magnetic resonance imaging examinations were performed to assess imaging response to treatment. We recommend further studies to be done to assess both the use of transarterial chemoembolization in the treatment of unresectable SFT and the use of contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for assessment of the Tumor response to treatment. PMID: 18830108 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles [Krukenberg's Tumor as the first clinical manifestation of fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma] Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Jun-Jul;31(6):341-6 Authors: Bilbao I, Vilallonga R, Allende E, Montero A, Quiroga S, Viladomiu L, Charco R, Margarit C Krukenberg's Tumor refers to unilateral or bilateral ovarian metastatic tumors whose origin may be known or unknown. The incidence of this type of Tumor is difficult to evaluate but may represent between 3% and 8% of ovarian tumors. In most cases, the primary Tumor is identified and is usually digestive (basically gastric or colorectal). There are some references to primary hepatic tumors (gall bladder Tumor and hepatocarcinoma) but none to fibrolamellar hepatocarcinoma as the primary Tumor. We present the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with lower hemiabdominal pain and who was diagnosed with Krukenberg's Tumor of hepatic origin. Although ovarian involvement in primary digestive tumors is possible, hepatic origin is rare. PMID: 18570810 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Early brain Tumor metastasis reduction following Gamma Knife surgery. J Neurosurg. 2008 Sep 26; Authors: Silva AN, Nagayama K, Schlesinger D, Sheehan JP Object Unlike whole-brain radiation therapy, Gamma Knife surgery (GKS) is delivered in a single session for the treatment of brain metastases. The extent to which GKS can facilitate early Tumor control was the focus of this study. Methods The authors reviewed 134 metastatic lesions in 82 patients treated with GKS at the University of Virginia who underwent follow-up MR imaging within 30 days or less of GKS. For accurate volumetry only tumors measuring 0.5 cm(3) or greater in volume were included. Radiological review as well as Tumor volumetry was performed to assess the Tumor's response to GKS. Tumors were characterized as either enlarged (> 15% volume increase), stable (follow-up volume +/- 15% of the initial volume), or decreased (> 15% volume decrease). A multivariate analysis was performed to determine factors related to each volume outcome group. Results Within the first month following GKS, a decrease was observed in 47.8% of the tumors. Tumor reduction varied according to carcinoma histopathological subtype, with 46.4% of non-small cell lung carcinomas, 70% of breast carcinomas, and 22.6% of melanomas showing volume reduction within 30 days after GKS. The mean volume decrease was 41.7%. For the remaining tumors, 41% were stable and 11.2% increased in volume. The ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 16 hours ago
Related Articles Keratinocyte Expression of MMP3 Enhances Differentiation and Prevents Tumor Establishment. Am J Pathol. 2008 Oct 2; Authors: McCawley LJ, Wright J, Lafleur BJ, Crawford HC, Matrisian LM Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3 is induced by multiple cell types in the skin during processes involved in both normal and pathological tissue remodeling. We previously demonstrated that MMP3-null animals have an increased sensitivity to the development of squamous cell carcinoma, suggesting that overall, MMP3 has a protective role in squamous cell carcinoma. However, not all cellular responses affected by a loss of MMP3 are Tumor-protective, and Tumor expression of MMP3 is co-incident with an invasive Tumor phenotype. Transgenic mice were generated with MMP3 targeted to keratinocytes to examine the biological role of Tumor-produced MMP3. Overexpression of MMP3 reduced Tumor multiplicity in response to chemically induced squamous cell carcinoma. Vascular density was increased with MMP3 overexpression; however, other cellular processes, including Tumor growth and leukocyte infiltration, were unaffected. In accordance with the change in Tumor multiplicity, SP-1 murine papilloma cell lines that were generated to stably express MMP3 lost the capacity to establish palpable tumors following orthotopic injection into immunocompromised mice. Analysis of epidermal biopsies taken at 1 to 2 weeks postinjection revealed that these MMP3-expressing ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Role of human beta-defensin-2 during Tumor necrosis factor-alpha/NF-kappaB-mediated innate antiviral response against human respiratory syncytial virus. J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 15;283(33):22417-29 Authors: Kota S, Sabbah A, Chang TH, Harnack R, Xiang Y, Meng X, Bose S Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) constitutes a highly pathogenic virus that infects lung epithelial cells to cause a wide spectrum of respiratory diseases. Our recent studies have revealed the existence of an interferon-alpha/beta-independent, innate antiviral response against RSV that was dependent on activation of NF-kappaB. We demonstrated that NF-kappaB inducing pro-inflammatory cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) confers potent antiviral function against RSV in an NF-kappaB-dependent fashion, independent of interferon-alpha/beta. During our efforts to study this pathway, we identified HBD2 (human beta-defensin-2), a soluble secreted cationic protein as an antiviral factor induced during NF-kappaB-dependent innate antiviral activity in human lung epithelial cells. Our results demonstrated that HBD2 is induced by TNF and RSV in an NF-kappaB-dependent manner. Induction of HBD2 in infected cells was mediated by the paracrine/autocrine action of TNF produced upon RSV infection. HBD2 plays a critical role during host defense, because purified HBD2 drastically inhibited RSV infection. We also show that the antiviral mechanism of HBD2 invo ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles The histone H2B-specific ubiquitin ligase RNF20/hBRE1 acts as a putative Tumor suppressor through selective regulation of gene expression. Genes Dev. 2008 Oct 1;22(19):2664-76 Authors: Shema E, Tirosh I, Aylon Y, Huang J, Ye C, Moskovits N, Raver-Shapira N, Minsky N, Pirngruber J, Tarcic G, Hublarova P, Moyal L, Gana-Weisz M, Shiloh Y, Yarden Y, Johnsen SA, Vojtesek B, Berger SL, Oren M Histone monoubiquitylation is implicated in critical regulatory processes. We explored the roles of histone H2B ubiquitylation in human cells by reducing the expression of hBRE1/RNF20, the major H2B-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. While H2B ubiquitylation is broadly associated with transcribed genes, only a subset of genes was transcriptionally affected by RNF20 depletion and abrogation of H2B ubiquitylation. Gene expression dependent on RNF20 includes histones H2A and H2B and the p53 Tumor suppressor. In contrast, RNF20 suppresses the expression of several proto-oncogenes, which reside preferentially in closed chromatin and are modestly transcribed despite bearing marks usually associated with high transcription rates. Remarkably, RNF20 depletion augmented the transcriptional effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), increased cell migration, and elicited transformation and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, frequent RNF20 promoter hypermethylation was observed in tumors. RNF20 may thus be a putative Tumor suppressor, acting through selective r ...

Source: www.marketwire.com --- 6 days ago
MEMPHIS, TN (MARKET WIRE) Methodist University Hospital, home to one of the busiest neuroscience institutes in the country, made an innovative breakthrough in medicine by launching a Virtual Brain Tumor Board Webcast series, the first program of its kind. Join us at 7:00 AM CDT on Wednesday September 3rd for the third in this series. ...

Source: www.MiamiHerald.com --- 17 hours ago
TORONTO - If instead of "Blindness," you called the new film by Fernando Meirelles "Illness," you might be telling the life story of actor Mark Ruffalo. ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 21 hours ago
ArQule, Inc. (NASDAQ: ARQL) today announced the expansion of its Phase 2 trial with ARQ 197, a proprietary, orally administered small molecule inhibitor of the c-Met receptor tyrosine kinase, in MiT (Microphthalmia Transcription Factor)-associated tumors based on the achievement of a partial response, as defined by RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors), in a patient with clear cell sarcoma. ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 2 days ago
MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profiles can be used to identify an aggressive type of papillary thyroid cancer that is often otherwise difficult to detect, according to data to be presented on Oct. 2, 2008 at the 79th Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association (ATA) in Chicago, IL. miRNAs are a class of small RNA molecules that regulate a broad array of physiological and developmental processes. ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 1 day ago
Research published in the journal Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy reports that a new anti-Tumor vaccine for neuroblastoma and melanoma is significantly impacting Tumor growth in mice. The vaccine represents a more personal approach to treatment since it uses the Tumor's own protein to induce an immune system response. The investigation was conducted by scientists and clinicians at Children's National Medical Center (Washington, D.C. ...

Source: www.moreover.com --- 15 hours ago
Nature Oct 6 2008 4:42PM GMT ...