Postmenopausal Women

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 11 days ago
Related Articles OPG and sRANKL serum concentrations in osteopenic, Postmenopausal Women after 2-year genistein administration. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 May;23(5):715-20 Authors: Marini H, Minutoli L, Polito F, Bitto A, Altavilla D, Atteritano M, Gaudio A, Mazzaferro S, Frisina A, Frisina N, Lubrano C, Bonaiuto M, D'Anna R, Cannata ML, Corrado F, Cancellieri F, Faraci M, Marini R, Adamo EB, Wilson S, Squadrito F INTRODUCTION: RANKL and its decoy receptor osteoprotegerin (OPG) constitute a complex physiological mediator system involved in the regulation of bone resorption and may be responsible for the homeostatic mechanism of normal bone remodeling. Genistein, an isoflavone representing 1-5% of total phytoestrogen content in soybean products, may positively regulate cellular bone metabolism, but its mechanism of action on bone is not yet fully understood. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the serum levels of both soluble RANKL (sRANKL) and OPG and the sRANKL/OPG ratio in 389 Postmenopausal Women (age, 49-67 yr) with a femoral neck BMD <0.795 g/cm(2) and no significant comorbid conditions after 24-mo therapy with genistein, (n = 198; 54 mg/d) or placebo (n = 191). Both intervention and placebo contained calcium and vitamin D(3). All patients received dietary instruction in an isocaloric fat-reduced diet. RESULTS: In comparison with placebo, sRANKL level was lower (p < 0.001 versus placebo) and OPG higher in genistein recipients (p < 0.001 ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Prospective 10-year study of Postmenopausal Women with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism. N Z Med J. 2008 Jul 4;121(1277):18-29 Authors: Bolland MJ, Grey AB, Orr-Walker BJ, Horne AM, Evans MC, Clearwater JM, Gamble GD, Reid IR AIM: There are few prospective studies of people with asymptomatic primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) who have not had parathyroidectomy. We followed a group of Postmenopausal Women with asymptomatic PHPT for up to 10 years to determine whether they could be managed conservatively without parathyroidectomy. METHODS: A 10-year, prospective, longitudinal study of 23 Postmenopausal Women with asymptomatic PHPT initially enrolled into a 4-year randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy. Serum total and ionised calcium, biochemistry, urine calcium, and bone mineral density were measured every 6-12 months. RESULTS: Serum ionised calcium, creatinine, and urine calcium:creatinine remained stable throughout follow-up. In contrast, there was a steady increase in the total and adjusted serum calcium and a small rise in serum PTH. Only one woman had an adjusted serum calcium >3.0 mmol/L during follow-up. There were few other clinical events possibly related to PHPT (1 possible episode of nephrolithiasis, 4 fractures, 1 severe osteoporosis). Three Women underwent parathyroidectomy, although 19/23 Women met the updated criteria for parathyroidectomy from the 2002 NIH-sponsored workshop ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 15 days ago
Related Articles Persistent hot flushes in older Postmenopausal Women. Arch Intern Med. 2008 Apr 28;168(8):840-6 Authors: Huang AJ, Grady D, Jacoby VL, Blackwell TL, Bauer DC, Sawaya GF OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence, natural history, and predictors of hot flushes in older Postmenopausal Women. METHODS: Prevalence, severity, and 3-year change in severity of hot flushes were assessed by questionnaire in 3167 older Postmenopausal Women with osteoporosis. Logistic regression was used to identify characteristics associated with symptoms at baseline and after 3 years of follow-up. RESULTS: At baseline, 375 Women (11.8%) reported bothersome hot flushes. Women were more likely to have baseline symptoms if they were less educated (odds ratio [OR], 1.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06-1.53 per 4-year decrease), more recently menopausal (OR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.34-1.56 per 5-year decrease), had previously used estrogen (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.23-2.00), or had undergone hysterectomy (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.14-1.99). Hot flushes were also associated with higher body mass index (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.08-1.38 per 1 SD), higher follicle-stimulating hormone levels (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.20-1.51 per 1 SD), lower high-density lipoprotein levels (OR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.03-1.34 per 1 SD decrease), vaginal dryness (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.19-1.93), and trouble sleeping (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.94-3.16), but not estradiol levels. Of the 375 Women with baseline symptoms, 2 ...

Source: www.moreover.com --- 16 days ago
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Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Related Articles Hand osteoarthritis and bone mineral density in Postmenopausal Women; clinical relevance to hand function, pain and disability. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2008 Jan;16(1):12-7 Authors: El-Sherif HE, Kamal R, Moawyah O OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to assess phalangeal bone mineral density (BMD) in Postmenopausal females with hand osteoarthritis (OA) and to correlate the measured levels with the radiographic OA grade, pain, function and disability of the hand. METHODS: The study group constituted 40 Postmenopausal Women with hand OA (range; 45-83 years). Socio-demographic data were collected. They underwent a comprehensive clinical examination of joint status and health outcome measure including Australian Canadian (AUSCAN) OA hand index. Hand radiographs were quantified and graded according to Kellgren and Lawrence (K-L) scoring system. Bone mineral content (BMC) and BMD of the third finger were measured using the accuDEXA (Schick, New York, NY). Twenty females matched for age and years of menopause were studied as a control group. RESULTS: Phalangeal BMC and BMD were significantly reduced in Women with hand OA compared to controls and related to radiological erosive OA. The AUSCAN pain and function subscales were worse in proportion to the severity of hand OA. OA X-ray score was significantly associated with reduced right grip strength, pain, and function scales while, decreased BMD was related to Ritchie ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 11 gene promoter polymorphisms modulate promoter activity and influence bone mineral density in Postmenopausal Women with osteoporosis. J Mol Endocrinol. 2008 Jun;40(6):273-9 Authors: Mencej S, Albagha OM, Prezelj J, Kocjan T, Marc J Tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 11 (TNFSF11) gene, that codes for receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand, is one of the candidate genes for the genetic susceptibility to osteoporosis. As variations in the TNFSF11 gene promoter could alter its expression, the aim of the study was to evaluate the functional influence of three polymorphisms in the promoter and to investigate their association with bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical markers in Postmenopausal Women. A total of 404 Postmenopausal Women were genotyped for the presence of TNFSF11 gene promoter polymorphisms -290C>T, -643C>T and -693G>C. Two common haplotypes, CCG and TTC, which occur in 44.3 and 49.3% of subjects respectively, were subjected to functional analysis. Amplified fragments were cloned into pGL3-basic reporter plasmid, which was co-transfected with pRL-TK plasmid into HEK293 cells. Dual luciferase reporter assay was performed. BMD and biochemical markers were measured. Reporter gene analysis showed significantly higher luciferase activity in CCG than in TTC haplotype (P=0.018). Both showed association with lumbar spine BMD (BMD-ls; P=0.005 and 0.00 ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 11 days ago
Related Articles Effects of bazedoxifene on BMD and bone turnover in Postmenopausal Women: 2-yr results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-, and active-controlled study. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Apr;23(4):525-35 Authors: Miller PD, Chines AA, Christiansen C, Hoeck HC, Kendler DL, Lewiecki EM, Woodson G, Levine AB, Constantine G, Delmas PD Osteoporosis is an increasingly common health concern in Postmenopausal Women. In a 2-yr phase III study, bazedoxifene prevented bone loss, reduced bone turnover, and was well tolerated in early Postmenopausal Women with normal or low BMD. INTRODUCTION: Bazedoxifene is a novel selective estrogen receptor modulator that has increased BMD and bone strength in experimental models, without stimulating breast or uterus. This 24-mo, randomized, double-blind study assessed the efficacy and safety of three doses of bazedoxifene compared with placebo and raloxifene in the prevention of Postmenopausal osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Healthy Postmenopausal Women with a BMD T-score at the lumbar spine or femoral neck between -1.0 and -2.5 or clinical risk factors for osteoporosis were randomly assigned to one of five groups: bazedoxifene 10, 20, or 40 mg/d, placebo, or raloxifene 60 mg/d. All Women received elemental calcium. Efficacy outcomes included changes from baseline through 24 mo in BMD of the lumbar spine, hip, femoral neck, and femoral trochanter and biomarkers of bone metabolism. RESULTS: The in ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Risks, benefits, and effects on quality of life of selective estrogen-receptor modulator therapy in Postmenopausal Women at increased risk of breast cancer. Menopause. 2008 Jul-Aug;15(4 Suppl):797-803 Authors: Ganz PA, Land SR The evidence regarding the risks, benefits, and quality of life impact of tamoxifen and raloxifene for prevention of breast cancer in Postmenopausal Women was reviewed. Five placebo-controlled trials were identified, four with tamoxifen and one with raloxifene. The individual placebo-controlled trials of tamoxifen for breast cancer prevention vary in size and risk status of the Women who participated. An overview of the four trials found a 30% to 40% reduction in the risk of breast cancer. Serious adverse events include an increased risk of uterine cancer, venous thromboembolic events, and cataracts. Fracture risk was reduced. Quality of life was not significantly impaired, but Women treated with tamoxifen had more vasomotor symptoms and vaginal discharge. In the single trial of raloxifene in Postmenopausal Women, there was a substantial reduction in the risks of breast cancer and fracture and no increased risk of uterine cancer. However, there was an increased risk of venous thromboembolic events. In the trial directly comparing tamoxifen with raloxifene in Postmenopausal high-risk Women, there was no significant difference in the risk of invasive breast cancer, but tamoxifen significantly redu ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 12 days ago
Related Articles A Haplotype-Based Analysis of the LRP5 Gene in Relation to Osteoporosis Phenotypes in Spanish Postmenopausal Women. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Aug 6; Authors: Agueda L, Bustamante M, Jurado S, Garcia-Giralt N, Ciria M, Saló G, Carreras R, Nogués X, Mellibovsky L, Díez-Pérez A, Grinberg D, Balcells S Abstract LRP5 encodes the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 5, a transmembrane protein involved in Wnt signaling. LRP5 is an important regulator of osteoblast growth and differentiation, affecting bone mass in vertebrates. Whether common variations in LRP5 are associated with normal BMD variation or osteoporotic phenotypes is of great relevance. We employed a haplotype-based approach to search for common disease-associated variants in LRP5 in a cohort of 964 Spanish Postmenopausal Women. Twenty-four SNPs were selected, covering the LRP5 region, including the missense changes p.V667M and p.A1330V. The SNPs were genotyped and evaluated for association with BMD at lumbar spine (LS) or femoral neck (FN) and with osteoporotic fracture, at single-SNP and haplotype levels, by regression methods. Association with LS BMD was found for SNP#1, rs312009, located in the 5'-flanking region (p=0.011, recessive model). SNP#6, rs2508836, in intron 1, was also associated with BMD, both at LS (p=0.025, additive model) and FN (p=0.031, recessive model). Two polymorphisms were associated with fracture: SNP#11, rs729635, in intron 1 a ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles A once-a-year intravenous treatment of osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women: implications for the clinical nurse specialist. Clin Nurse Spec. 2008 Jul-Aug;22(4):169-71 Authors: O'Malley P PMID: 18596484 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Obesity and risk of cancer in Postmenopausal Korean Women. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Jul 10;26(20):3395-402 Authors: Song YM, Sung J, Ha M PURPOSE: To evaluate an association between obesity, measured by body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)), and risk of cancer at individual and all sites in Postmenopausal Women. METHODS: A cohort of 170,481 Postmenopausal Korean Women who were age 40 to 64 years at baseline measurement of BMI was observed prospectively from 1994 to 2003 for cancer incidence. Multivariable adjusted proportional hazard models were used for evaluating the association. RESULTS: Women with a BMI of 30 kg/m(2) or higher had a 23% higher risk of cancer than Women with a BMI between 21.0 and 22.9 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.41). According to the increase in BMI level, significant positive trends existed in cancers of colon, breast, corpus uteri, and kidney with hazard ratios of 1.05 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.08), 1.07 (95% CI, 1.05 to 1.10), 1.13 (95% CI, 1.07 to 1.20), and 1.08 (95% CI, 1.02 to 1.15), respectively, for the increase of BMI by 1 kg/m(2). When the analysis was limited to never-smokers, Women with a BMI of 25 kg/m(2) or higher showed a significantly increased risk of cancers of the colon, breast, corpus uteri, and kidney and leukemia compared with the normal BMI (18.5 to 22.9 kg/m(2)) group. CONCLUSION: Although variations exist between the individual cancer sites, obesity was associated with an ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 17 hours ago
Related Articles Effects of vibration therapy on bone mineral density in Postmenopausal Women with osteoporosis. Chin Med J (Engl). 2008 Jul 5;121(13):1155-8 Authors: Ruan XY, Jin FY, Liu YL, Peng ZL, Sun YG BACKGROUND: Jaw osteonecrosis possibly associated with the administration of bisphosphonates is expected to be treated with a non-pharmacologic approach. This study aimed to determine whether noninvasive, mechanically mediated vibration would inhibit the decline in bone mineral density (BMD) that follows menopause, enhance the BMD of the lumbar and femoral neck, and reduce chronic back pain in Postmenopausal Women with osteoporosis. METHODS: A total of 116 Postmenopausal Women with osteoporosis participated in this study, and they were divided into groups A (66 patients) and B (50). Group A received vibration treatment (Subjects vertically stand on the vibration platform, with a vibration frequency of 30 Hz, amplitude of 5 mm; they received the treatment five times per week, ten minutes each time and totally for six months), whereas Women of group B served as controls without any treatment. L2 - 4 BMD, bilateral femoral neck BMD, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded before the treatment or at the third and sixth months of the treatment respectively. After the ending of the treatment, the change of BMD in each group was compared and analyzed. Chronic back pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale (VAS) at baseline and the thir ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 10 days ago
Related Articles Differential bone metabolism between Postmenopausal Women with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. J Bone Miner Res. 2008 Apr;23(4):475-83 Authors: Jiang LS, Zhang ZM, Jiang SD, Chen WH, Dai LY A comparative study of bone metabolism between Postmenopausal Women with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis showed that differential levels of bone remodeling markers, leptin, free leptin index, and osteoprotegerin might partly contribute to the proposed inverse relationship in bone mass between Postmenopausal Women with osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. INTRODUCTION: Osteoarthritis (OA) and osteoporosis (OP) are two common disorders affecting the quality of life in the elderly. The association between OA and OP has always been debated. The objective of this study was to compare bone metabolism between Postmenopausal Women with OA and OP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 120 Postmenopausal Women with OA and OP (n = 60, respectively) were included in this comparative study. Anthropometric parameters and BMD at the spine and the proximal femur were measured. Serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sLR), osteoprotegerin (OPG), and bone remodeling markers, including bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (OC), deoxypyridinoline cross-links (DPD), and cross-linked N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTX), were quantified with commercial ELISA or EIA kits. Free leptin index (FLI) was also calculated by the ratio between serum ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 39 days ago
Related Articles Flaxseed reduces total and LDL cholesterol concentrations in Native American Postmenopausal Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2008 Apr;17(3):355-66 Authors: Patade A, Devareddy L, Lucas EA, Korlagunta K, Daggy BP, Arjmandi BH OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the extent to which the daily incorporation of approximately 30 g of flaxseed, a rich source of lignans, omega-3 fatty acids, and fiber, for a period of 3 months into the diet of Native American Postmenopausal Women positively affects their lipid profiles. METHODS: Fifty-five mild to moderately hypercholesterolemic (> or =5.1 to < or =9.8 mmol/L) Native American Postmenopausal Women were randomly assigned to control (A), flaxseed (B) or flaxseed + additional oat bran fiber (C) groups. Overnight fasting venous blood was collected at baseline and at the end of the treatment period to analyze lipid parameters. RESULTS: Dietary flaxseed supplementation lowered total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by approximately 7% and 10%, respectively. However, the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride remained unaltered. No changes were observed in other clinical and hematological parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study indicate that Native American Postmenopausal Women benefit from regular consumption of flaxseed by reducing their risk of cardiovascular disease as seen from lowered LDL-C and ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 23 days ago
Related Articles [The influence of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density in Postmenopausal Women] Ginekol Pol. 2008 Jun;79(6):426-31 Authors: Kusek J, Seremak-Mrozikiewicz A, Drews K, Mikołajczak P, Czerny B, Maciejewska M, Bogacz A, Derebecka-Hołysz N, Barlik M, Mrozikiewicz PM Proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), involved into osteoclastogenesis and responsible for bone resorption process, participate in the pathogenesis of the osteoporosis. In vitro studies have shown that single nucleotide polymorphisms of IL-6 and TNF-alpha genes could influence the transcription process of the genes and the cytokines level. AIM: Assessment of the influence of IL-6 and TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms on bone mineral density (BMD) and evaluation of their connection with osteoporosis prevalence in Women from Wielkopolska region. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the group of 267 Postmenopausal Women (average age 58.5+/-5.9 years, average age of last period 49.8+/-3.9 years) bone mineral density in lumbar spine (L2-L4) was performed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Genotypes frequencies were determined by polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) using restriction enzymes Lwe I and Faq I, respectively. The connection between the polymorphisms of investigated genes and body mass index, age of menarche an ...

Source: www.moreover.com --- 32 days ago
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Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 20 days ago
Related Articles Cystatin-C, Renal Function, and Incidence of Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Women. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 Jul 24; Authors: Lacroix AZ, Lee JS, Wu L, Cauley JA, Shlipak MG, Ott SM, Robbins J, Curb JD, Leboff M, Bauer DC, Jackson RD, Kooperberg CL, Cummings SR OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the association between chronic kidney disease and incident hip fracture using serum cystatin-C as a biomarker of renal function calculated without reference to muscle mass. DESIGN: Case-control study nested within a prospective study. SETTING: The Women's Health Initiative Observational Study conducted at 40 U.S. clinical centers. PARTICIPANTS: From 93,676 Women aged 50 to 79 followed for an average of 7 years, 397 incident hip fracture cases and 397 matched controls were studied. MEASUREMENTS: Cystatin-C levels were measured on baseline serum using a particle-enhanced immunonepholometric assay. Estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR(cys-c)) were calculated using a validated equation and categorized into three groups (>/=90.0 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), 60.0-89.9 mL/min per 1.73 m(2), and <60.0 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) indicating chronic kidney disease Stages 3 to 4). RESULTS: The odds ratio (OR) for hip fracture was 2.50 (95% confidence interval (CI)=1.32-4.72) for eGFR(cys-c) less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) compared with Stages 0 to 1, after adjustment for body mass, parental hip fracture, smoking, alcohol consumption, and physical function. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 20 days ago
Related Articles CYP A-204C polymorphism is associated with subclinical atherosclerosis in Postmenopausal Women. Menopause. 2008 Jul 24; Authors: Lambrinoudaki IV, Kaparos GI, Vlachou SA, Stamatelopoulos KS, Georgiopoulos GA, Sergentanis TN, Panoulis CP, Christodoulakos GE, Alexandrou AP, Kouskouni EE, Creatsa MG, Papamichael CM OBJECTIVE:: To assess the association of common polymorphisms involved in lipoprotein oxidation, platelet activation, and cholesterol and homocysteine metabolism with subclinical atherosclerosis and indices of endothelial function and arterial elasticity in healthy Postmenopausal Women. DESIGN:: The study investigated 84 healthy Postmenopausal Women recruited from the Menopause Clinic of the 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Athens, Aretaieion Hospital. The following polymorphisms were genotyped: apolipoprotein B 3500, apolipoprotein E (E2/E3/E4), cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase A-204C (CYP A-204C), cholesterol ester transfer protein B1/B2, glycoprotein IIIa leu33pro, integrin beta3 PLA1/PLA2, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 4G/5G, paraoxonase 1 gln192 arg, and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ala222val. Ultrasound examination aimed to assess the presence of atherosclerotic plaque and to measure intima-media thickness in the carotid and femoral arteries and to estimate the augmentation index, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, and radial and femoral pulse-wave velocity. RESULTS:: T ...

Source: www.moreover.com --- 39 days ago
Hormone replacement therapy patches can lower the risk of gall bladder disease in Postmenopausal Women. Hormone replacement therapy is known to increase gallbladder problems, which require surgery to remove the organ. ...

Source: www.springerlink.com --- 5 hours ago
Abstract   Osteoporotic fractures result in significant deficits in health-related quality of life (HRQOL). The accumulation of deficits resulting from osteoporosis and fractures is now recognized as a major cause of reduced HRQOL in Women after the menopause and in later life. Some of these same Postmenopausal Women may also have deficits in HRQOL related to vasomotor symptoms during the menopausal transition. Although estrogen therapy has not been shown to improve overall HRQOL in late Postmenopausal Women in randomized, controlled trials, it may improve menopausal symptoms. In contrast, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) such as raloxifene may increase vasomotor symptoms. Although estrogen is not indicated for the primary prevention of osteoporosis, estrogen therapy may be considered for the Postmenopausal woman at risk of osteoporotic fracture who is symptomatic and who is not at high risk of breast cancer or cardiovascular events. Raloxifene decreases risk of invasive breast cancer and may be considered in Women at high risk of breast cancer. Decision making about osteoporosis treatment should also consider the impact of the treatment on HRQOL. Content Type Journal Article Category Therapeutics DOI 10.1007/BF02938616 Authors Deborah T. Gold, Duke University Medical Center Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sociology, and Psychology Box 3003 27710 Durham NC USA Stuart L. Silverman Journal Current Osteop ...