Hyperactivity Disorder

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in adults: evidence-based recommendations for management. Postgrad Med. 2008 Sep;120(3):27-38 Authors: Rostain AL Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with impairments in educational, occupational, neuropsychological, and social functioning in adults. Successful diagnosis and treatment of the Disorder in adults can be a challenge because recent and integrative clinical guidelines are lacking and diagnostic criteria are based on making a retrospective diagnosis of childhood-onset ADHD. To develop evidence-based recommendations for the treatment of ADHD in adults, the scientific literature was reviewed, including primary clinical studies, meta-analyses, and available clinical guidelines. Studies show that stimulant therapy is highly effective and safe in the management of ADHD in adults, with similar response rates to those reported in children at doses that are equivalent on a mg/kg basis. Long-acting stimulants, such as OROS(R) methylphenidate (OROS(R) MPH, Concerta(R)), dexmethylphenidate (d-MPH, Focalin(R)), and mixed amphetamine salts extended release (MAS XR, Adderall XR(R)), have durations of action of up to 10 to 12 hours, which permit once-daily dosing. For adults with ADHD who do not respond to stimulant therapy or who have a comorbid condition in which a stimulant is contraindicated, the nonstimulant atomoxetine (Strattera(R)) may be an appropri ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 9 days ago
Related Articles Commentary: Controversies in NICE guidance on attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. BMJ. 2008;337:a1466 Authors: Thompson A PMID: 18815171 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Reduced white matter integrity in attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuroreport. 2008 Oct 6; Authors: Hamilton LS, Levitt JG, Oʼneill J, Alger JR, Luders E, Phillips OR, Caplan R, Toga AW, McCracken J, Narr KL We used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate fractional anisotropy (FA), a measure of fiber tract integrity, in attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Using a tract-based atlasing approach on six-direction diffusion tensor imaging data, we examined FA within the cingulum, corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, fornix, optic radiations, superior longitudinal fasciculus, uncinate fasciculus, and the superior and inferior occipitofrontal fasciculi in an all-male sample of 17 children and adolescents with ADHD and 16 age-matched controls. ADHD patients had significantly lower FA in the corticospinal tract (P=0.02) and the superior longitudinal fasciculus (P=0.017) compared with controls. Results support that disruptions in motor and attentional networks may contribute toward ADHD pathophysiology. Future research may clarify how ADHD subtype and psychiatric comorbidities affect diffusion measures. PMID: 18841089 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 9 days ago
Related Articles Genetic and environmental contributions to retrospectively reported DSM-IV childhood attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychol Med. 2008 Jul;38(7):1057-66 Authors: Haberstick BC, Timberlake D, Hopfer CJ, Lessem JM, Ehringer MA, Hewitt JK BACKGROUND: A variety of methodologies and techniques converge on the notion that adults and children with attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have similar deficits, but there is limited knowledge about whether adult retrospective reports reflect similar genetic and environmental influences implicated in childhood ADHD. METHOD: DSM-IV ADHD symptoms were collected retrospectively from 3896 young adults participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Responses from this genetically informative sample of same- and opposite-sex twins and siblings were used to determine the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences. Possible gender differences in these effects were also examined. The degree of familial specificity of the genetic and environmental influences on the Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive symptom dimensions was also determined. RESULTS: Additive genetic effects contributed moderately to DSM-IV Inattentive, Hyperactive-Impulsive and Combined ADHD subtypes (heritability estimates of 0.30-0.38). Individual-specific influences accounted for the remaining proportion of the variance. Both genetic and individual-specific environmenta ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Neuroanatomical Abnormalities in Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2008 Sep 26; Authors: Garrett A, Penniman L, Epstein JN, Casey BJ, Hinshaw SP, Glover G, Tonev S, Vitolo A, Davidson M, Spicer J, Greenhill LL, Reiss AL OBJECTIVE:: Several neuroanatomic abnormalities have been reported in patients with attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, findings are not always consistent, perhaps because of heterogeneous subject samples. Studying youths with documented familial ADHD provides an opportunity to examine a more homogeneous population. METHOD:: Twenty-four youths with a confirmed history of familial ADHD and 10 control youths underwent high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging examinations. Archived magnetic resonance imaging scan data from 12 control youths were included in the analysis to increase statistical power. Individually drawn region-of-interest methods were used to examine the frontal lobe gyri and caudate. RESULTS:: Cerebral total tissue was similar between groups. The volumes of the right caudate and right inferior frontal lobe were larger in the ADHD youths compared with the control youths. Data from a subgroup of the ADHD youths suggest that increasing left caudate volume is associated with decreasing functional activation of this region. CONCLUSIONS:: Because previous studies have focused primarily on younger sub ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Nutritional and dietary influences on attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Nutr Rev. 2008 Oct;66(10):558-68 Authors: Sinn N An abundance of research has investigated causes and treatments for attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The research includes identification of suboptimal levels of nutrients and sensitivities to certain foods and food additives. This review gives an overview of this research and provides an up-to-date account of clinical trials that have been conducted with zinc, iron, magnesium, Pycnogenol, omega-3 fatty acids, and food sensitivities. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar and included studies published before April 2008. Although further research is required, the current evidence supports indications of nutritional and dietary influences on behavior and learning in these children, with the strongest support to date reported for omega-3s and behavioral food reactions. PMID: 18826452 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Adults: Recognition and Diagnosis of this Often-Overlooked Condition. Postgrad Med. 2008 Sep;120(3):39-47 Authors: Feifel D, Macdonald K PMID: 18824824 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 9 days ago
Related Articles Evaluation of attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder symptoms in male children with high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders. Osaka City Med J. 2008 Jun;54(1):1-10 Authors: Matsushima N, Miyawaki D, Tsuji H, Takahashi K, Horino A, Kawaguchi T, Suzuki F, Kiriike N BACKGROUND: Although there are many reports of high rates of Hyperactivity and attention deficits in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders (PDD), controversy remains about the applicability of the diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) to PDD children. The present study elucidates the similarities and differences of ADHD symptoms in PDD children compared to ADHD children. METHODS: Twenty-seven male children with PDD+ADHD Combined type (ADHD-C), 17 males with ADHD-C, and 9 males with PDD without ADHD-C, were compared on measures of ADHD symptoms and related behaviors using parent ratings and teacher ratings on the ADHD Rating Scale (ADHDRS), the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF). RESULTS: The PDD+ADHD-C and the ADHD-C groups had significantly higher ratings than the PDD only group for all the scores on both the parent-rated and the teacher-rated ADHDRS. The ADHD-C and PDD+ADHD-C groups had significantly higher scores than the PDD group on Delinquent Behavior, Aggressive Behavior, and Externalizing Behavior of the CBCL and on Delinquent Behavior of the TRF; there were no significant diff ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Social competence and friendship formation in adolescents with attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Adolesc Med State Art Rev. 2008 Aug;19(2):278-99, x Authors: Coleman WL Friendship formation (making friends, keeping friends, and having successful interactions with peers and adults) constitutes a critical developmental-social milestone for adolescents. This process can be especially challenging for adolescents with attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, whose attentional problems may negatively affect their social skills (verbal and nonverbal language) and who fail to appreciate the complexity and nuances of adolescent communication. They often do not respond to feedback cues. They may be perceived as "immature," lacking empathy, and loners and losers, they may endure a "reputational bias," and they often experience coexisting challenges (eg, language problems, learning disabilities, or obesity). Successful and gratifying interactions, or the lack thereof, deeply and broadly affect adolescents: their self-esteem, self-image, confidence, school-learning, lifestyle, behavior, sexual activity, intimacy formation, mental-emotional well-being, and physical health. Successful achievement of this ever-evolving milestone has lifelong implications. This article describes various social-interactional skills, other components of social competence, and the dysfunctions that may cause social failure and suffering and descr ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Attention deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: burden of the disease according to subtypes in recently diagnosed children. Actas Esp Psiquiatr. 2008 Sep-Oct;36(5):285-94 Authors: Escobar R, Hervas A, Soutullo C, Mardomingo M, Uruñuela A, Gilaberte I Introduction. Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is associated with deterioration of several dimensions of quality of life (QoL) and with the development of comorbid psychiatric disorders. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the burden of illness of ADHD subtypes in untreated newly diagnosed children in Spain. Methods. We recruited 124 children (80 combined, 25 inattentive and 19 hyperactive-impulsive subtype) aged 6-12 years with untreated newly diagnosed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition DSM-IV) ADHD. We collected socio-demographic, clinical (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale ADHD-RS], Conner's Parent Rating Scale-Revised: Short Form [CPRS:R-S], Clinical Global Impression-Severity [CGI-S], Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Lifetime Version [K-SADS-PL], intelligence Quotient [IQ]), Quality of Life (QoL), Child Health Questionnaire-Parent Form 50 CHQ-PF50), academic performance and health care resources utilization data. We investigated the correlations between ADHD symptom severity and QoL, academic performance and time from onset of symp ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Overweight in children and adolescents in relation to attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics. 2008 Oct;122(4):910 Authors: Poulton A, Kwok S, Nanan R PMID: 18829824 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles [What's new about Hyperactivity Disorder in children?] Arch Pediatr. 2008 Jul;15(7):1249-52 Authors: Le Heuzey MF This article presents a review of the treatments for children suffering from attention deficit Hyperactivity available in France. Multimodal treatment of French hyperactive child includes psycho stimulant medication (short and long acting methylphenidate) and parent training, speech therapy, psychomotor therapy and academic training. PMID: 18485682 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Related Articles [Atomoxetine and piracetam in the treatment of attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in children.] Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova. 2008;108(7):43-47 Authors: Zavadenko NN, Suvorinova NI Therapeutic effect of atomoxetine and piracetam has been assessed in the open controlled study included 42 patients with attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), aged from 6 to 13 years. Group 1 (16 patients) received atomoxetine (strattera) in daily dosage 0,8-1,2 mg/kg as a monotherapy for 6 weeks. Patients of group 2 (14 children) received piracetam as a monotherapy in daily dosage 50-70 mg/kg for 6 weeks. No pharmacological therapy was conducted in group 3 (a control one) which included 12 patients with ADHD. The high effectiveness of both atomoxetine and piracetam has been shown. However, comparing to piracetam, the therapeutic effect of atomoxetine was reached earlier (two weeks after the beginning of therapy) and was more pronounced for all components of syndromes. PMID: 18833117 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles [Overall burden to society caused by hyperkinetic syndrome (HKS) and attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)] Gesundheitswesen. 2008 Jul;70(7):398-403 Authors: Schöffski O, Sohn S, Happich M OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to provide an analysis of medical costs for HKS/ADHD on the basis of a cost-of-illness study. METHODS: A systematic literature review concerning the direct and indirect costs of HKS/ADHD and its related implications was complemented by a special analysis of the German Federal Office of Statistics on ICD-10 F 90. RESULTS: An analysis of overall medical costs by the Federal Office of Statistics results in expenses of 142 million euro in 2002 corresponding to ca. 630 euro per patient per year. These values are considerably below the values calculated for the USA. Increased indirect costs related to different implications of the indication were stated in international studies. CONCLUSION: A first estimate of the direct costs for HKS/ADHS in Germany has been conducted. A reduction of the difference between the German and the US direct cost values may be expected. An increased level of the indirect costs related to HKS/ADHD may be assumed for Germany and requires further research. PMID: 18729028 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Evolution of the treatment of attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children: a review. Clin Ther. 2008 May;30(5):942-57 Authors: Findling RL BACKGROUND: Efficacious and well-tolerated medications are available for the treatment of attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Stimulants such as methylphenidate (MPH) and amphetamines are the most widely used medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of ADHDin children. OBJECTIVE: This article reviews the literature on the development and use of medications for the treatment of ADHD in children. METHODS: A search of MEDLINE was conducted toidentify relevant studies and critical reviews on the treatment of ADHD in children.The main criteria for inclusion of a study were that it have a controlled design, enroll >100 subjects if a clinical trial and >20 subjects if a classroom study, assess symptoms with the most widely used scales and tests,and be published from 2000 to 2008.A few older pivotal studies were also included. RESULTS: Many studies have reported the long-term efficacy and tolerability of immediate-release formulations of MPH. The disadvantages of such formulations include the need for multiple daily dosing and a potential for abuse. Various extended-release formulations of MPH have been found effective in controlled studies enrolling large numbers of children with ADHD. The efficacy and tolerability of dexmethylphe ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Diagnosing and treating attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in adults. World Psychiatry. 2008 Oct;7(3):131-6 Authors: Stephen VF, Kevin MA Adult attention deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a valid and impairing psychiatric Disorder. In this article, we review the diagnosis of ADHD in adults, focusing on symptom presentation differences between pediatric and adult ADHD as well as the importance of assessing functional impairments. Differentiating ADHD from other clinical disorders is often the most difficult part of making an ADHD diagnosis in adults. Psychiatric comorbidities are also described and discussed as potential impact factors upon not only diagnosing ADHD but also treatment of adult ADHD. Especially in those adults with psychiatric comorbidities, treatments need to be multimodal and include both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial interventions. PMID: 18836579 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Association between the alpha-2C-adrenergic receptor gene and attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Korean sample. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Sep 26; Authors: Cho SC, Kim JW, Kim BN, Hwang JW, Shin MS, Park M, Phd , Kim SA, Cho DY, Yoo HJ, Chung US, Son JW, Park TW Findings from preclinical and clinical research support the involvement of central noradrenergic dysregulation in the etiology of attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Previous studies have suggested that the alpha-2C-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2C) is associated with ADHD. The aims of this study were to examine the association between the ADRA2C (GT)n repeat polymorphism (STR marker adra2c1) and ADHD in a Korean sample. In this case-control and family-based association study, we assessed 184 ADHD probands, 150 normal controls, and 98 trios. There were no significant differences in the allele frequencies of the ADRA2C polymorphism between the ADHD and control groups (p>0.05). The overall allele-wise transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) analysis showed statistical significance (chi(2)=19.07, p=0.025). We found a trend for preferential transmission of the 183-bp allele (chi(2)=3.72, p=0.054), and a significantly lower-than-expected rate of transmission of the 187-bp allele (chi(2)=6.26, p=0.012). With regard to the temperament profiles of the Junior Temperament And Character Inventory (JTCI), the ADHD subjects with the 183/183 genotype at the ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 9 days ago
Related Articles Towards further understanding of the co-morbidity between attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and bipolar Disorder: a MRI study of brain volumes. Psychol Med. 2008 Jul;38(7):1045-56 Authors: Biederman J, Makris N, Valera EM, Monuteaux MC, Goldstein JM, Buka S, Boriel DL, Bandyopadhyay S, Kennedy DN, Caviness VS, Bush G, Aleardi M, Hammerness P, Faraone SV, Seidman LJ BACKGROUND: Although attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and bipolar Disorder (BPD) co-occur frequently and represent a particularly morbid clinical form of both disorders, neuroimaging research addressing this co-morbidity is scarce. Our aim was to evaluate the morphometric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) underpinnings of the co-morbidity of ADHD with BPD, testing the hypothesis that subjects with this co-morbidity would have neuroanatomical correlates of both disorders. METHOD: Morphometric MRI findings were compared between 31 adults with ADHD and BPD and with those of 18 with BPD, 26 with ADHD, and 23 healthy controls. The volumes (cm(3)) of our regions of interest (ROIs) were estimated as a function of ADHD status, BPD status, age, sex, and omnibus brain volume using linear regression models. RESULTS: When BPD was associated with a significantly smaller orbital prefrontal cortex and larger right thalamus, this pattern was found in co-morbid subjects with ADHD plus BPD. Likewise, when ADHD was associated with significantly less neoco ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 9 days ago
Related Articles Genome-wide association scan of quantitative traits for attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder identifies novel associations and confirms candidate gene associations. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet. 2008 Sep 26; Authors: Lasky-Su J, Neale BM, Franke B, Anney RJ, Zhou K, Maller JB, Vasquez AA, Chen W, Asherson P, Buitelaar J, Banaschewski T, Ebstein R, Gill M, Miranda A, Mulas F, Oades RD, Roeyers H, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Sonuga-Barke E, Steinhausen HC, Taylor E, Daly M, Laird N, Lange C, Faraone SV Attention deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a complex condition with environmental and genetic etiologies. Up to this point, research has identified genetic associations with candidate genes from known biological pathways. In order to identify novel ADHD susceptibility genes, 600,000 SNPs were genotyped in 958 ADHD proband-parent trios. After applying data cleaning procedures we examined 429,981 autosomal SNPs in 909 family trios. We generated six quantitative phenotypes from 18 ADHD symptoms to be used in genome-wide association analyses. With the PBAT screening algorithm, we identified 2 SNPs, rs6565113 and rs552655 that met the criteria for significance within a specified phenotype. These SNPs are located in intronic regions of genes CDH13 and GFOD1, respectively. CDH13 has been implicated previously in substance use disorders. We also evaluated the association of SNPs from a list of 37 ADHD candidat ...

Source: psychology.wikia.com --- 31 days ago
Reverted edits by 198.83.30.88 ( talk ) to last version by Dr Joe Kiff ←Older revision Revision as of 17:35, 8 September 2008 Line 21: Line 21: :'''Attention deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity''' redirect here :'''Attention deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity''' redirect here - '''Attention-Deficit Balls In My Face Disorder''' (ADHD) or '''Hyperkinetic Disorder''' as officially known in the US though ADHD is more commonly used, is generally considered to be a [[developmental Disorder]], largely [[neurology|neurological]] in nature, affecting about 5% of the world's population.<ref>[http://www.nimh.nih.gov/publicat/adhd.cfm Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.] National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), [[October 26]], [[2006]]. Retrieved on [[2007-08-13]].</ref><ref>[http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/adhd/adhd.htm NINDS Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder Information Page.] National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS/NIH) [[February 9]], [[2007]]. Retrieved on [[2007-08-13]].</ref><ref>[http://www.aacap.org/cs/adhd_a_guide_for_families/what_is_adhd ADHD - A Guide for Families.] American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry. Retrieved on [[2007-08-13]].</ref><ref name="Polanczyk"/> The Disorder typically presents itself during childhood, and is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or [[Hyperactivity]], as well as [[forgetting|forgetfulness]], [[Deferred gratification|poor impulse con ...