Human Embryo

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 3 days ago
Related Articles CX3CL1 and CCL14 regulate extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules in the trophoblast: potential roles in Human Embryo implantation. Biol Reprod. 2008 Jul;79(1):58-65 Authors: Hannan NJ, Salamonsen LA Embryo implantation is a complex process involving blastocyst attachment to the endometrial epithelium and subsequent trophoblast invasion of the decidua. We have previously shown that the chemokines CX3CL1 and CCL14 are abundant in endometrial vasculature, epithelial, and decidual cells at this time, and that their receptors, CX3CR1 and CCR1, are present on invading Human trophoblasts. CX3CL1 and CCL14 promote trophoblast migration. We hypothesized that these endometrial chemokines promote trophoblast migration by regulating adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix (ECM) components on the trophoblast, similar to mechanisms used in leukocyte trafficking. Trophoblast cells (AC1M-88) used previously showed a marked increase in adhesion to fibronectin following treatment with CX3CL1 and CCL14. Alterations in trophoblast adhesion and ECM following chemokine stimulation were examined using pathway-specific oligo-arrays and quantitative real-time RT-PCR. More than 30 genes were affected by CX3CL1 treatment, and 15 genes were found to be regulated by CCL14 treatment. Real-time RT-PCR quantitation revealed significant changes in the mRNA transcripts of alpha-catenin (CTNNA1), extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1), osteopon ...

Source: timesofindia.indiatimes.com --- 23 days ago
A Sydney firm has been granted the first license to create cloned Human embryos to try and obtain embryonic stem cells. It has access to 7,200 Human eggs for its research. ...

Source: ebling.library.wisc.edu --- 39 days ago
check availability at the Ebling Library ...

Source: www.moreover.com --- 35 days ago
Nature Sep 5 2008 9:32PM GMT ...

Source: www.geocities.com --- 38 days ago
Stem cells research divides McCain and his VP choice. ...

Source: jg2090.newsvine.com --- 33 days ago
Experiments to create Britain's first embryos that combine Human and animal material will begin within months after a government watchdog gave its approval yesterday to two research teams to carry out the controversial work. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 4 days ago
Related Articles Regulation of P450c17 expression in the early Embryo depends on GATA factors. Endocrinology. 2008 Oct 1; Authors: Shi Y, Schonemann MD, Mellon SH The enzyme P450c17 is required for glucocorticoid, sex steroid, and some neurosteroid biosynthesis. Defective Human P450c17 causes sexual infantilism and 46,XY sex reversal, but is compatible with life, whereas ablation of the corresponding mouse gene causes embryonic lethality at approximately E7. Normal mouse embryos express P450c17 protein and activity in the embryonic endoderm at E7. Adult adrenal and gonadal steroidogenesis requires SF-1, but SF-1 is not expressed in the early mouse Embryo. We show that P450c17 is expressed in differentiated mouse parietal and visceral endoderm lineages, in cultured mouse F9 embryonic carcinoma stem cells, in mouse embryonic stem cells, and in cultured mouse P19 stem cells. Bases -110 to -55 (which contain an SF-1 site and two potential GATA sites) of the rat cyp17 gene confer promoter activity in F9 cells. Overexpression of SF-1 has no effect, while overexpression of GATA4 in F9 cells increases transcription from -110/-55 fused to a reporter and increases endogenous P450c17 mRNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays show that GATA4 binds to -215/+55 of mouse cyp17. Stimulating F9 cells with retinoic acid and cAMP differentiates them into visceral and parietal endoderm. Commensurate with cell differentiation, quantitative PCR showed inc ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Derivation of hematopoietic stem cells from murine embryonic stem cells. J Vis Exp. 2007;(2):162 Authors: McKinney-Freeman S, Daley G A stem cell is defined as a cell with the capacity to both self-renew and generate multiple differentiated progeny. Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are derived from the blastocyst of the early Embryo and are pluripotent in differentiative ability. Their vast differentiative potential has made them the focus of much research centered on deducing how to coax them to generate clinically useful cell types. The successful derivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from mouse ESC has recently been accomplished and can be visualized in this video protocol. HSC, arguably the most clinically exploited cell population, are used to treat a myriad of hematopoietic malignancies and disorders. However, many patients that might benefit from HSC therapy lack access to suitable donors. ESC could provide an alternative source of HSC for these patients. The following protocol establishes a baseline from which ESC-HSC can be studied and inform efforts to isolate HSC from Human ESC. In this protocol, ESC are differentiated as embryoid bodies (EBs) for 6 days in commercially available serum pre-screened for optimal hematopoietic differentiation. EBs are then dissociated and infected with retroviral HoxB4. Infected EB-derived cells are plated on OP9 stroma, a bone marrow stromal cell line derived from the calvari ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 4 days ago
Related Articles Basigin-Mediated Gene Expression Changes in Mouse Uterine Stromal Cells During Implantation. Endocrinology. 2008 Oct 1; Authors: Chen L, Belton RJ, Nowak RA Implantation of mouse embryos is dependent upon the proliferation and differentiation of uterine stromal cells in a process called decidualization. Decidualization both supports and limits the invasion of the implanting Embryo, and is regulated in part by the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Molecules that alter the balance between MMP and TIMP expression could prevent implantation of the Embryo. The membrane glycoprotein basigin (CD147/EMMPRIN), a known inducer of MMPs, is necessary for normal implantation in the mouse. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential roles of basigin during implantation in the mouse. Using an in vitro stromal cell culture system, we found that recombinant Human basigin protein (rBSG) increases MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression without altering TIMP-3 expression. Our results also showed rBSG induces expression of cytokines IL-1alpha/beta and leukocyte chemoattractants, CCL3, CCL20, CXCL2 and CXCL5. More importantly, rBSG significantly suppressed stromal cell decidualization as shown by the inhibition of alkaline phosphatase-2 (ALP-2) expression and activity by rBSG. However, rBSG did not affect stromal cell proliferation. Taken together, ou ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 8 days ago
Related Articles Placenta--an alternative source of stem cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Sep 1;207(2 Suppl):544-9 Authors: Matikainen T, Laine J The two most promising practical applications of Human stem cells are cellular replacement therapies in Human disease and toxicological screening of candidate drug molecules. Both require a source of Human stem cells that can be isolated, purified, expanded in number and differentiated into the cell type of choice in a controlled manner. Currently, uses of both embryonic and adult stem cells are investigated. While embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and can differentiate into any specialised cell type, their use requires establishment of embryonic stem cell lines using the inner cell mass of an early pre-implantation Embryo. As the blastocyst is destroyed during the process, ethical issues need to be carefully considered. The use of embryonic stem cells is also limited by the difficulties in growing large numbers of the cells without inducing spontaneous differentiation, and the problems in controlling directed differentiation of the cells. The use of adult stem cells, typically derived from bone marrow, but also from other tissues, is ethically non-controversial but their differentiation potential is more limited than that of the embryonic stem cells. Since Human cord blood, umbilical cord, placenta and amnion are normally discarded at birth, they provide an easily accessible alternati ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 3 days ago
Related Articles Isolation and characterization of Oct-4(+)/HLA-G (+) mesenchymal stem cells from Human umbilical cord matrix: differentiation potential and detection of new markers. Histochem Cell Biol. 2008 Oct 3; Authors: La Rocca G, Anzalone R, Corrao S, Magno F, Loria T, Lo Iacono M, Di Stefano A, Giannuzzi P, Marasà L, Cappello F, Zummo G, Farina F The presence of multipotent cells in several adult and Embryo-related tissues opened new paths for their use in regenerative medicine. Extraembryonic tissues such as umbilical cord are considered a promising source of stem cells, potentially useful in therapy. The characterization of cells from the umbilical cord matrix (Wharton's Jelly) and amniotic membrane revealed the presence of a population of mesenchymal-like cells, sharing a set of core-markers expressed by "mesenchymal stem cells". Several reports enlightened the differentiation capabilities of these cells, even if at times the lack of an extensive characterization of surface markers and immune co-stimulators expression revealed hidden pitfalls when in vivo transplantation was performed. The present work describes a novel isolation protocol for obtaining mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord matrix. These cells are clonogenic, retain long telomeres, can undergo several population doublings in vitro, and can be differentiated in mature mesenchymal tissues as bone and adipose. We describe for the first time that these ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 8 days ago
Related Articles Evaluation and interpretation of maternal toxicity in Segment II studies: issues, some answers, and data needs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2005 Sep 1;207(2 Suppl):367-74 Authors: Rogers JM, Chernoff N, Keen CL, Daston GP Biologically rational regulatory policies with regards to developmental toxicity are often based on the extrapolation of standard laboratory rodent bioassay results to the Human population. Significantly contributing to the difficulty of this task is the possibility that general toxic effects on the maternal organism may affect the developing conceptus. This review examines maternal factors which may bear directly or indirectly upon developmental outcome, with emphasis on those of greatest relevance to the hazard assessment process. Standard teratology testing protocols call for top dosage levels that induce overt maternal toxicity, and the developmental effects of this toxicity (both alone, and with concurrent Embryo/fetal insult) continue to present regulators with considerable interpretive difficulties. In response to these problems, there have been both research and literature review efforts dealing with the relationship of maternal and developmental toxicity. Maternally mediated developmental toxicity occurs with a number of agents, and toxicant-induced alterations in maternal physiology may affect the conceptus at dosages not causing overt maternal toxicity. Relevant studies are reviewed here, and s ...

Source: networks.feedburner.com --- 7 days ago
I came across this post from Dr. Nuckols at LifeEthics.org and I had an epiphany. I have always known there was a link between Embryo-destructive research and assisted suicide and euthanasia. There is the obvious "sanctity of life" connection, but this passage from Dr. Nuckols really put it together for me: According to the Daily Mail , [Lady Warnock] now supports a "duty to die." Lady Warnock, 84, was the head of the committee which during the 1980s opened the way for legal research on Human embryos. Influential in education as well as in medical ethics, she became an open supporter of euthanasia after her ill husband was helped to die by his doctor in 1995. She told the Church of Scotland's magazine Life and Work: 'I've just written an article called A Duty to Die? for a Norwegian periodical. I wrote it really suggesting that there is nothing wrong with feeling you ought to do so for the sake of others as well as yourself.' She added: 'I am absolutely, fully in agreement with the argument that if pain is insufferable, then someone should be given help to die, but I feel there is a wider argument that if somebody absolutely, desperately wants to die because they are a burden to their family or the state, then I think they too should be allowed to die.' Does it surprise me that someone who advocated for the destruction of Human embryos for research would also advocate death for those that feel like a burden to their families? Absolute ...

Source: latimesblogs.latimes.com --- 4 days ago
Almost 500,000 embryos are in frozen storage in the United States, according to the stories in today's Los Angeles Times. Some of the embryos are still destined for use to help individuals or couples with infertility problems in their desire to have children. But many others are simply in limbo while their creators grapple with their options for disposition. In today's Health section, I described some of the barriers to disposition of leftover embryos via adoption or research. Several good resources are available for people who are struggling with these issues. Resolve: The National Infertility Assn., Southwest Region, will hold its annual Fall Family Building Symposium on Oct. 18, 8:30 a.m. until 4 p.m., at California State University, Long Beach, The Point at the Pyramid. The symposium will include a session entitled "Embryo Donation Workshops for Donors and Recipients," from 10:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. A three-part series on choices regarding the disposition of leftover, frozen embryos can be accessed from the archives of the online radio program, "Creating A Family," hosted by infertility expert and author Dawn Davenport. The shows aired on May 21, May 28 and June 4. The national headquarters of Resolve will sponsor several events during National Infertility Awareness Week, Oct. 19-25, including a series of Web chats entitled "Take Charge!" - Shari Roan Photo: A magnification view of Human embryos. Credit: Courtesy of Dr. David D ...

Source: www.freerepublic.com --- 25 days ago
In 1987, the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith of the Holy See issued its important teaching entitled “Instruction on Respect for Human Life in its Origin and on the Dignity of Procreation”. Among the many questions it answered was: “What Respect is due to the Human Embryo, taking into account his nature and identity?” The answer:“The Human being must be respected - as a person - from the very first instant of his (her) existence.” The prevailing view of Human rights entrenched in American judicial precedent and legislation denies the equal protection of the law to the Human... ...

Source: blogs.jsonline.com --- 23 days ago
Holy Watson and Crick, scientists have done another wonderful thing with stem cells: They appear to slowed the progression of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis -- that's what afflicted Lou Gehrig -- in rats. This is genuinely promising , as there presently isn't anything you can do to cure ALS. Perhaps someday there will be. But the real takeaway is that again we have a possible, potential future cure coming via stem cells, the very thing feared by the medieval religious right-wingers, the thing that the Christianists are trying to . . . Hmm, what? The possible ALS cure in Madison happened with adult stem cells? Not with the embryonic stem cells that you get by destroying a Human Embryo, but with adult stem cells that don't involve killing anyone? The kind that have been behind pretty much every promising development and that don't present massive immune problems ? You don't say.   ...

Source: blogcritics.org --- 31 days ago
Thinking though the debate on abortion and the devil dancing in the details. Every Human Embryo has the potential to become a Da Vinci, an Einstein, an Elizabeth the Great. We all know this. We all get this. In a perfect world, abortion is a tragedy and would - should - be a crime.But the world is not perfect.Before I go further, I should state I'm a foster Dad of two medically-fragile children. One is sixteen and a... ...

Source: www.valuemd.com --- 33 days ago
histology: Junqueiria 11th edition Clinical anatomy small moore Embryo: the developing Human by moore 8th edition. physio: constanzo Biochem:lippincot ...

Source: blog.mlive.com --- 7 days ago
JACKSON — A simple test for those who believe a fertilized Embryo is Human life.... ...

Source: www.catholic.org --- 29 days ago
"Now it may come as news to Biden that the Embryo represents nascent Human life, though it is not clear ... ...