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Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 4 days ago
Dynamics of immune escape during HIV/SIV Infection. PLoS Comput Biol. 2008 Jul;4(7):e1000103 Authors: Althaus CL, De Boer RJ Several studies have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) play an important role in controlling HIV/SIV Infection. Notably, the observation of escape mutants suggests a selective pressure induced by the CTL response. However, it remains difficult to assess the definite role of the cellular immune response. We devise a computational model of HIV/SIV Infection having a broad cellular immune response targeting different viral epitopes. The CTL clones are stimulated by viral antigen and interact with the virus population through cytotoxic killing of infected cells. Consequently, the virus population reacts through the acquisition of CTL escape mutations. Our model provides realistic virus dynamics and describes several experimental observations. We postulate that inter-clonal competition and immunodominance may be critical factors determining the sequential emergence of escapes. We show that even though the total killing induced by the CTL response can be high, escape rates against a single CTL clone are often slow and difficult to estimate from infrequent sequence measurements. Finally, our simulations show that a higher degree of immunodominance leads to more frequent escape with a reduced control of viral replication but a substantially impaired replicative capacity of the virus. This result suggests two str ... Source: www.moreover.com --- 3 days ago
people are infected with HIV in SA each year Researchers in South Africa are investigating whether taking Aids drugs daily will prevent infections among gay and bisexual men, in the latest effort to combat the epidemic. ... Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 15 hours ago
Related Articles The Role of Cognitive Functioning in Medication Adherence of Children and Adolescents with HIV Infection. J Pediatr Psychol. 2008 Jul 22; Authors: Malee K, Williams PL, Montepiedra G, Nichols S, Sirois PA, Storm D, Farley J, Kammerer B, OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between cognitive functioning and medication adherence in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV Infection. METHODS: Children and adolescents, ages 3-18 (N = 1,429), received a cognitive evaluation and adherence assessment. Multiple logistic regression models were used to identify associations between adherence and cognitive status, adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS: Children's average cognitive performance was within the low-average range; 16% of children were cognitively impaired (MDI/FSIQ <70). Cognitive status was not associated with adherence to full medication regimens; however, children with borderline/low average cognitive functioning (IQ 70-84) had increased odds of nonadherence to the protease inhibitor class of antiretroviral therapy. Recent stressful life events and child health characteristics, such as HIV RNA detectability, were significantly associated with nonadherence. CONCLUSION: Cognitive status plays a limited role in medication adherence. Child and caregiver psychosocial and health characteristics should inform interventions to support adherence. PMID: 18647794 [PubMed - as supplied by publis ... Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 8 days ago
Related Articles Workshop on HIV Infection and Aging: What Is Known and Future Research Directions. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Jul 15; Authors: Effros RB, Fletcher CV, Gebo K, Halter JB, Hazzard WR, Horne FM, Huebner RE, Janoff EN, Justice AC, Kuritzkes D, Nayfield SG, Plaeger SF, Schmader KE, Ashworth JR, Campanelli C, Clayton CP, Rada B, Woolard NF, High KP Highly active antiretroviral treatment has resulted in dramatically increased life expectancy among patients with HIV Infection who are now aging while receiving treatment and are at risk of developing chronic diseases associated with advanced age. Similarities between aging and the courses of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suggest that HIV Infection compresses the aging process, perhaps accelerating comorbidities and frailty. In a workshop organized by the Association of Specialty Professors, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the HIV Medical Association, the National Institute on Aging, and the National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases, researchers in infectious diseases, geriatrics, immunology, and gerontology met to review what is known about HIV Infection and aging, to identify research gaps, and to suggest high priority topics for future research. Answers to the questions posed are likely to help prioritize and balance strategies to slow the progression of HIV Infection, to address comorbidities and drug t ... Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 4 days ago
Related Articles Role of HIV and human herpesvirus-8 Infection in pulmonary arterial hypertension. AIDS. 2008 Apr 23;22(7):825-33 Authors: Hsue PY, Deeks SG, Farah HH, Palav S, Ahmed SY, Schnell A, Ellman AB, Huang L, Dollard SC, Martin JN BACKGROUND: Previous work has found a high prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension in HIV-infected persons, but establishment of a causal relationship has been limited by the lack of well characterized contemporaneous HIV-uninfected comparator groups. Among HIV-uninfected persons, human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) has also been linked to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but whether this relationship occurs among HIV-infected persons - who have among the highest prevalence of HHV-8 Infection - has not been examined. METHODS AND RESULTS: We echocardiographically calculated pulmonary artery systolic pressure and measured HHV-8 antibodies in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected adults. Among the 196 HIV-infected participants, the median pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) was 27.5 mmHg and 35.2% had PASP greater than 30 mmHg. This compared to a median of 22 mmHg among 52 HIV-uninfected participants in whom 7.7% had a PASP greater than 30 mmHg (P < 0.001). After adjustment for injecting drug and stimulant use, smoking, age, and gender, HIV-infected participants had 5.1 mmHg higher mean PASP and seven fold greater odds of having a PASP greater than 30 mmHg (P < 0.001). Although we found no associati ... Source: www.moreover.com --- 5 days ago
Plans for a large human trial of a vaccine against the AIDS virus in the United States have been canceled because federal health officials said the vaccine was unlikely to prove effective and might increase the risk of HIV Infection among volunteers. ... Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Call to action against HIV/tuberculosis co-Infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008 Jul;8(7):409 Authors: Senior K PMID: 18627112 [PubMed - in process] ... Source: www.moreover.com --- 3 days ago
CAPE TOWN (Reuters) - Researchers in South Africa are investigating whether taking AIDS drugs daily will prevent infections among gay and bisexual men, in the latest effort to combat the epidemic. ... Source: www.iol.co.za --- 6 days ago
Scientists have isolated two genes which may prevent people from contracting HIV or at least slow the rate at which they develop Aids, a new study has found. ... Source: www.voanews.com --- 1 day ago
Schistosomiasis may hinder immune systems from dealing with very low doses of HIV ... Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 2 hours ago
People infected with parasitic worms that cause schistosomiasis might be more susceptible to HIV and more likely to transmit the virus, according to a study published Tuesday in PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Reuters reports. According to Reuters, the findings might help explain why HIV particularly has affected regions like sub-Saharan Africa. ... Source: www.dnaindia.com --- 1 day ago
Social taboos that indirectly encourage homosexuality in Pakistan are also compounding the problem of controlling a raging HIV epidemic in the country, says a new report. ... Source: www.medpagetoday.com --- 3 hours ago
WINSTON-SALEM, N.C. -- Hepatitis C virus doesn't impair recovery of immune function during treatment of HIV as was thought, researchers said. ... Source: www.knbc.com --- 15 days ago
Mary Parks reports. ... Source: www.healthcentral.com --- 2 days ago
Researchers in South Africa and elsewhere are investigating whether taking AIDS drugs daily can prevent HIV Infection among high-risk gay and bisexual men, in the latest effort to combat the epidemic. ... Source: www.sovo.com --- 8 days ago
AFP via Yahoo! News | Jul. 17 at 3:55 PM ... ... Source: esciencenews.com --- 8 days ago
A variant of a gene found only in people of African ancestry increases the odds of becoming infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) by 40 percent, according to a long-term study of African Americans reported in the [date] issue of the journal Cell Host & Microbe , a publication of Cell Press. However, once people are infected, the same variant seems to protect against progression of the disease, allowing those who carry it to live about two years longer. read more ... Source: www.modernghana.com --- 7 days ago
DR. SYLVIA J. Anie, the Director of Policy and Planning at the Ghana AIDS Commission has hinted that Moslem communities all over the world record low HIV prevalence rates, compared to other religious denominations, especially Christians. She said figures available showed that the spread of the disease within Moslem communities in Ghana and other ... ... Find more results for HIV Infection on RSSMicro.com |
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AFP - Scientists have isolated two genes which may prevent people from contracting HIV or at least slow the rate at which they develop AIDS, a new study has found. ...
Reuters - Researchers in South Africa are investigating whether taking AIDS drugs daily will prevent infections among gay and bisexual men, in the latest effort to combat the epidemic. ...