Fatty Acids

Source: ms.about.com --- 20 days ago
Low levels of omega-3 Fatty Acids were found in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). While this does not automatically mean that these low levels have anything to do with our MS symptoms or disease, some small studies have suggested that maybe omega-3 Fatty Acids can help us. ...

Source: lowfatcooking.about.com --- 29 days ago
Even if we're trying to eat low fat, it's vital to our overall health and wellbeing that we include some fat in our diet, especially unsaturated fats. In particular, it's important to include omega-3 Fatty Acids. Find out why, and where you can get these fats. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 34 days ago
Related Articles Historical overview of n-3 Fatty Acids and coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1978S-80S Authors: Leaf A The first evidence that fish oil Fatty Acids might have a beneficial effect on coronary heart disease came from the discovery that Greenland Eskimos, who have a diet high in n-3 Fatty Acids, have a lower mortality from coronary heart disease than do Danes and Americans. Long-chain polyunsaturated Fatty Acids are essential in our diets and can be classified in 2 groups: n-6 Fatty Acids found in plant seeds and n-3 Fatty Acids found in marine vertebrates. Further evidence of n-3 benefits to human health include a 1989 study demonstrating a 29% reduction in fatal cardiac arrhythmias among subjects with a recent myocardial infarction who had been advised to consume fish oil. The GISSI-Prevenzione Trial found a significant reduction in relative reduction of death, cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and stroke in subjects consuming n-3 Fatty Acids. In a recent study, subjects with implanted cardiac defibrillators (ICDs) at high risk for fatal ventricular arrhythmias were randomly assigned to four 1-g capsules of either an ethyl ester concentrate of n-3 Fatty Acids or olive oil daily for 12 mo. Subjects receiving n-3 who thus had significantly higher levels of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in their red blood cell membranes showed a longer time to first ICD events and had a si ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 34 days ago
Related Articles Role of n-3 Fatty Acids in the treatment of hypertriglyceridemia and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1981S-90S Authors: Jacobson TA n-3 Fatty Acids (FAs) when used in doses of 3-4 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid have profound effects on triacylglycerol (TG) concentrations. The mechanism for their TG reduction relates to their favorable effects on reducing hepatic production and secretion of VLDL and VLDL apolipoprotein B particles, along with favorable effects on plasma lipolytic activity through lipoprotein lipase-mediated clearance, as well as stimulation of beta-oxidation of other FAs in the liver. Their hypotriglyceridemic properties are related to both the dose of n-3 FAs used and the baseline TG concentrations of the population. In patients with TG concentrations >500 mg/dL, 4 g n-3 FAs have been shown to reduce TGs by 45%, VLDL by 42%, and non-HDL by 10.2%. A recent pooled meta-analysis with multiple doses of n-3 FAs ranging from 0.8 to 5.4 g revealed changes in TGs of -27 mg/dL (95% CI: -33, -20), in HDL of +1.6 mg/dL (95% CI: + 0.8, +2.3), and in LDL cholesterol of +6 mg/dL (95% CI: + 3, +8). The clinical uses of n-3 FAs include treatment of severe and moderate hypertriglyceridemia, use in statin-treated patients with elevated TG concentrations or non-HDL cholesterol (mixed hyperlipidemia), and use in the secondary and primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Exis ...

Source: www.moreover.com --- 5 days ago
A simple, safe, one-a-day capsule of omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) can reduce mortality and admission to hospital for cardiovascular reasons in patients with heart failure. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 34 days ago
Related Articles n-3 Fatty Acids and cardiovascular disease: mechanisms underlying beneficial effects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):2003S-9S Authors: Jung UJ, Torrejon C, Tighe AP, Deckelbaum RJ Dietary n-3 Fatty Acids, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, are important nutrients through the life cycle. Evidence from observational, clinical, animal, and in vitro studies indicates a beneficial role of n-3 Fatty Acids in the prevention and management of cardiovascular disease. Although the precise mechanisms are still unclear, clinical and preclinical studies indicate that the cardioprotective effects of n-3 Fatty Acids may be attributed to a number of distinct biological effects on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, blood pressure, platelet function, arterial cholesterol delivery, vascular function, and inflammatory responses. PMID: 18541602 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Circulating free Fatty Acids are increased independently of PPARγ activity after administration of poloxamer 407 to mice. Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2008 Sep;86(9):643-649 Authors: Johnston TP, Waxman DJ Poloxamer 407 (P-407) is a copolymer surfactant that induces a dose-controlled dyslipidemia in both mice and rats. Human macrophages cultured with P-407 exhibit a concentration-dependent reduction in cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) linked to downregulation of the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1). Activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), as well as PPARα, increase expression of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) in macrophages and promote the expression of ABCA1, which, in turn, mediates cholesterol efflux to apoA1. The present study investigated whether P-407 interferes with this signaling pathway. A transactivation assay was used to evaluate whether P-407 can either activate or inhibit the transcriptional activity of PPARγ. Because thiazolidinedione drugs (PPARγ agonists) improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes by reducing blood glucose concentrations, P-407 was also evaluated for its potential to alter plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations in wild-type (C57BL/6) and PPARγ-deficient mice. Additionally, because thiazolidinediones attenuate release of free Fatty Acids (FFAs) from adipocytes and, consequently, decre ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 29 days ago
Related Articles The use of artificial neural networks to study Fatty Acids in neuropsychiatric disorders. BMC Psychiatry. 2008;8 Suppl 1:S3 Authors: Cocchi M, Tonello L, Tsaluchidu S, Puri BK BACKGROUND: The range of the Fatty Acids has been largely investigated in the plasma and erythrocytes of patients suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders. In this paper we investigate, for the first time, whether the study of the platelet Fatty Acids from such patients may be facilitated by means of artificial neural networks. METHODS: Venous blood samples were taken from 84 patients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of major depressive disorder and from 60 normal control subjects without a history of clinical depression. Platelet levels of the following 11 Fatty Acids were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance: C14:0, C16:0, C16:1, C18:0, C18:1 n-9, C18:1 n-7, C18:2 n-6, C18:3 n-3, C20:3 n-3, C20:4 n-6 and C22:6 n-3. The results were then entered into a wide variety of different artificial neural networks. RESULTS: All the artificial neural networks tested gave essentially the same result. However, one type of artificial neural network, the self-organizing map, gave superior information by allowing the results to be described in a two-dimensional plane with potentially informative border areas. A series of repeated and independent self-organizing map simulations, with the input parameters being changed each time, led to the finding that the best ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 23 days ago
Related Articles Insertional Inactivation of Branched-Chain {alpha}-Keto Acid Dehydrogenase in Staphylococcus aureus Leads to Decreased Branched-Chain Membrane Fatty Acids Content and Increased Susceptibility to Certain Stresses. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Aug 8; Authors: Singh VK, Hattangady DS, Giotis ES, Singh AK, Chamberlain NR, Stuart MK, Wilkinson BJ Staphylococcus aureus is a major community and nosocomial pathogen. Its ability to withstand multiple stress conditions and quickly develop resistance to antibiotics is complicating the control of staphylococcal infections. Adaptation to lower temperatures is a key for the survival of bacterial species outside of the host. Branched-chain alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase (BKD) is an enzyme complex that catalyses the early stages of branched-chain Fatty acid (BCFA) production. BKD was inactivated in this study resulting in reduced levels of BCFAs in the membrane of S. aureus. Growth of the BKD-inactivated mutant was progressively more impaired compared to the wild-type S. aureus with decreasing temperature, to the point that the mutant could not grow at 12 degrees C. Growth of the mutant was markedly stimulated by inclusion of 2-methylbutyrate in the growth medium at all temperatures tested. Two methylbutyrate is a precursor of odd-numbered anteiso Fatty Acids and bypasses BKD. Interestingly, growth of the wild-type S. aureus was also stimulated by including 2-methylbutyrate in the medi ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Related Articles Estimated conversion of alpha-linolenic acid to long chain n-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids is greater than expected in non fish-eating vegetarians and non fish-eating meat-eaters than in fish-eaters. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2008 Jul 15;21(4):404 Authors: Welch AA, Bingham SA, Khaw KT Background: It is believed that n-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acid (PUFA) status is important for cardiovascular health. However, the major sources of the essential dietary PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are fish and fish oil supplements. Limited conversion of alpha-linoleic acid (ALA), found in plant foods (flaxseeds, walnuts, soya and rape-seed oils), to EPA, DPA (docosapentaenoic acid) and DHA occurs in men (0.2-6% for EPA and DPA, </=0.05% for DHA) but is greater in younger women (Burdge, 2006). Therefore, n-3 PUFA status may be compromised in individuals not eating fish or fish-oils, compared with fish-eaters. An investigation into n-3 PUFA status and estimated potential conversion of ALA in middle-aged women with different dietary habits in the EPIC-Norfolk population was conducted. Methods: Data were collected via a nurse examination between 1993 and 1997 (Welch, 2006). Circulating plasma phospholipid n-3 PUFA were measured using gas liquid chromatography (HP 5980 gas chromatograph) (Welch, 2006). Diet was estimated using a 7-day food diary and data were entered using the DINER data entry program (Welch, 2001) ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 33 days ago
Related Articles Insulinomimetic Zn(II) Complexes as Evaluated by Both Glucose-Uptake Activity and Inhibition of Free Fatty Acids Release in Isolated Rat Adipocytes. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo). 2008 Aug;56(8):1181-3 Authors: Nishide M, Yoshikawa Y, Yoshikawa EU, Matsumoto K, Sakurai H, Kajiwara NM We prepared 4 new Zn(II) complexes with Zn(O(4)), Zn(N(2)O(2)), and Zn(S(2)O(2)) coordination modes and evaluated their insulinomimetic activities in an in vitro study. The insulinomimetic activities of bis(pyrrole-2-carboxylato)zinc (Zn(pc)(2)), bis(alpha-furonic acidato)zinc (Zn(fa)(2)), bis(thiophene-2-carboxylato)zinc (Zn(tc)(2)), and bis(thiophene-2-acetato)zinc (Zn(ta)(2)) complexes were found to be higher than that of zinc sulfate (ZnSO(4)). Zn(ta)(2) showed the highest insulinomimetic activity among the Zn(II) complexes because of its high lipophilicity. PMID: 18670123 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 11 days ago
Related Articles Effect of supplementing pregnant and lactating mothers with n-3 very-long-chain Fatty Acids on children's IQ and body mass index at 7 years of age. Pediatrics. 2008 Aug;122(2):e472-9 Authors: Helland IB, Smith L, Blomén B, Saarem K, Saugstad OD, Drevon CA OBJECTIVES: Arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) are essential for brain growth and cognitive development. We have reported that supplementing pregnant and lactating women with n-3 very-long-chain polyunsaturated Fatty Acids promotes higher IQ scores at 4 years of age as compared with maternal supplementation with n-6 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. In our present study, the children were examined at 7 years of age with the same cognitive tests as at 4 years of age. We also examined the relation between plasma Fatty acid pattern and BMI in children, because an association between arachidonic acid and adipose tissue size has been suggested. METHODS: The study was randomized and double-blinded. The mothers took 10 mL of cod liver oil or corn oil from week 18 of pregnancy until 3 months after delivery. Their children were tested with the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children at 7 years of age, and their height and weight were measured. RESULTS: We did not find any significant differences in scores on the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children test at 7 years of age between children whose mothers had taken cod liver oil (n = 82) or corn oil (n = 6 ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 14 days ago
Deficits in docosahexaenoic acid and associated elevations in the metabolism of arachidonic acid and saturated Fatty Acids in the postmortem orbitofrontal cortex of patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res. 2008 Aug 19; Authors: McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Rider T, Tso P, Stanford KE, Hahn CG, Richtand NM Previous antemortem and postmortem tissue Fatty acid composition studies have observed significant deficits in the omega-3 Fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) in red blood cell (RBC) and postmortem cortical membranes of patients with unipolar depression. In the present study, we determined the Fatty acid composition of postmortem orbitofrontal cortex (OFC, Brodmann area 10) of patients with bipolar disorder (n=18) and age-matched normal controls (n=19) by gas chromatography. After correction for multiple comparisons, DHA (-24%), arachidonic acid (-14%), and stearic acid (C18:0) (-4.5%) compositions were significantly lower, and cis-vaccenic acid (18:1n-7) (+12.5%) composition significantly higher, in the OFC of bipolar patients relative to normal controls. Based on metabolite:precursor ratios, significant elevations in arachidonic acid, stearic acid, and palmitic acid conversion/metabolism were observed in the OFC of bipolar patients, and were inversely correlated with DHA composition. Deficits in OFC DHA and arachidonic acid composition, and elevations in arachidonic acid metabolism, were numerically (but not significa ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 34 days ago
Related Articles Fish and n-3 Fatty Acids for the prevention of fatal coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):1991S-6S Authors: Mozaffarian D Large observational studies, randomized clinical trials, and experimental studies have evaluated the effects of fish and n-3 Fatty acid consumption on fatal coronary heart disease (CHD) and sudden cardiac death (SCD), clinically defined events that most often share the final common pathway of fatal ventricular arrhythmia. These different study designs, each having complementary strengths and limitations, provide strong concordant evidence that modest consumption of fish or fish oil (1-2 servings/wk of oily fish, or approximately 250 mg/d of EPA+DHA) substantially reduces the risk of CHD death and SCD. Pooled analysis of prospective cohort studies and randomized clinical trials demonstrates the magnitude and dose-response of this effect, with 36% lower risk of CHD death comparing 0 and 250 mg/d of EPA+DHA consumption (P < 0.001), but then little additional benefit with higher intakes. Reductions in risk are even larger in observational studies utilizing tissue biomarkers of n-3 Fatty Acids that more accurately measure dietary consumption. The concordance of findings from different studies also suggests that effects of fish or fish oil on CHD death and SCD do not vary depending on presence or absence of established CHD. The strength and consistency of the evi ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 34 days ago
Related Articles Conclusions and recommendations from the symposium, Beyond Cholesterol: Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with n-3 Fatty Acids. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jun;87(6):2010S-2S Authors: Deckelbaum RJ, Leaf A, Mozaffarian D, Jacobson TA, Harris WS, Akabas SR After the symposium "Beyond Cholesterol: Prevention and Treatment of Coronary Heart Disease with n-3 Fatty Acids," faculty who presented at the conference submitted manuscripts relating to their conference topics, and these are presented in this supplement. The content of these manuscripts was reviewed, and 2 conference calls were convened. The objective was to summarize existing evidence, gaps in evidence, and future research needed to strengthen recommendations for specific intakes of n-3 Fatty Acids for different conditions relating to cardiovascular disease. The following 2 questions were the main items discussed. What are the roles of n-3 Fatty Acids in primary versus secondary prevention of coronary heart disease? What are the roles of n-3 Fatty Acids in hypertriglyceridemia, in the metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, and in sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrhythmias, and vulnerable plaque? Each area was summarized by using 2 general categories: 1) current knowledge for which general consensus exists, and 2) recommendations for research and policy. Additional references for these conclusions can be found in the articles included in the supplement. P ...

Source: ca.prweb.com --- 8 days ago
The Findings of a New AJCN Study Indicate That Dietary Fish Consumption Reduces Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Supporting VisiVite.com's Research Into The Effects of Omega-3 Fatty Acids For AMD Treatment and Prevention. (PRWeb Aug 28, 2008) Read the full story at http://ca.prweb.com/releases/2008/08/prweb1252344.htm ...

Source: www.medscape.com --- 26 days ago
A prospective, observational cohort study shows that pregnant women with elevated levels of fasting plasma free Fatty Acids are at increased risk for preterm delivery. Medscape Medical News ...

Source: www.medscape.com --- 1 day ago
Omega-3 Fatty-acid supplementation improved morbidity and mortality in symptomatic heart-failure patients, while statins failed to have any beneficial effect in the same group of patients. Medscape Medical News ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 5 days ago
A simple, safe, one-a-day capsule of omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) can reduce mortality and admission to hospital for cardiovascular reasons in patients with heart failure. These are the... [[ This is a content summary only. Visit MyWebsite.com for full links, other content, and more! ]] ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 13 days ago
The typical American diet often lacks omega-3 Fatty Acids despite clinical research that shows their potential human health benefits. Zhiyou Wen, assistant professor of biological systems engineering in Virginia Tech's College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, found a way to grow these compounds using a byproduct of the emerging biodiesel industry. He presented his findings at the 236th national meeting of the American Chemical Society (ACS) in Philadelphia, Pa. ...