Contact Dermatitis

Source: allergies.about.com --- 26 days ago
The most important aspect of treating Contact Dermatitis is the identification and avoidance of the causative agent. With thousands of chemicals having the ability to cause Contact Dermatitis, it may be difficult to determine the exact cause. Find out some important tips on the identification and avoidance of common triggers of Contact Dermatitis. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Protein Contact Dermatitis: allergens, pathogenesis, and management. Dermatitis. 2008 Sep-Oct;19(5):241-51 Authors: Levin C, Warshaw E Protein Contact Dermatitis is an allergic skin reaction induced principally by proteins of either animal or plant origin. The clinical presentation is that of a chronic Dermatitis, and it is often difficult to differentiate between allergic Contact Dermatitis and other eczematous dermatoses. One distinguishing clinical feature is that acute flares of pruritus, urticaria, edema, or vesiculation are noted minutes after Contact with the causative substances. Additionally, the patch-test result is typically negative, and the scratch- or prick-test result is positive. The pathogenesis of protein Contact Dermatitis is unclear but may involve a type I (immunoglobulin E [IgE], immediate) hypersensitivity reaction, type IV (cell-mediated delayed) hypersensitivity reaction, and/or a delayed reaction due to IgE-bearing Langerhans' cells. Management involves avoidance of the allergen. PMID: 18845114 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Drug-elicited systemic allergic (Contact) Dermatitis--update and possible pathomechanisms. Contact Dermatitis. 2008 Oct;59(4):195-202 Authors: Thyssen JP, Maibach HI An allergic Dermatitis reaction may develop after systemic exposure to a hapten that reaches the skin through haematogenous transport. This condition can be observed with and without previous cutaneous sensitization to the hapten but has traditionally been described following topical exposure. A heterogeneous clinical picture, in combination with limited insight to its pathomechanisms, makes such systemic reactions an area in need of further study. This article summarizes knowledge about systemic Dermatitis elicited by drugs, with a special emphasis on possible pathomechanisms. A list of putative pathomechanisms is offered for future research. Literature was examined using PubMed-MEDLINE, EMBASE, Biosis, and Science Citation Index. Based on the literature, it is likely that humoral type 3, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and drug-driven (i.e. p-i concept) reactions are involved. As commonly used terms may be misleading because skin Contact is not a prerequisite, we suggest that the term 'systemic allergic Dermatitis' should be used in the future. PMID: 18844694 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Anogenital allergic Contact Dermatitis, the role of spices and flavour allergy. Contact Dermatitis. 2008 Oct;59(4):233-7 Authors: Vermaat H, Smienk F, Rustemeyer T, Bruynzeel DP, Kirtschig G BACKGROUND: In patients with vulval or anogenital Dermatitis, irritant Contact Dermatitis is more common than allergic Contact Dermatitis. The reported frequency and relevance of Contact sensitivity in anogenital Dermatitis varies greatly. OBJECTIVE: To determine the frequency and relevance of Contact sensitization in a Dutch group of female patients with chronic anogenital complaints. METHODS: We reviewed patch test results of 53 women with chronic anogenital complaints, with sole vulval symptoms in 29 women and sole perianal in 5, in whom inflammatory skin diseases like lichen sclerosus, lichen planus, psoriasis, as well as infectious diseases were unlikely or excluded as a cause of their symptoms. All women were tested with the European baseline series plus additional test series according to their personal history. RESULTS: Thirty-five patients (66%) showed one or more positive test reactions. Seven of these patients (20%) had one or more clinically relevant positive reactions, most often to flavours and spices. CONCLUSION: A considerable number of patients with anogenital Dermatitis have a Contact sensitization. Clinically relevant reactions were mainly found to spices and flavours. This is in contrast to the data reported in the literature t ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Cytokines and Langerhans cells in allergic Contact Dermatitis. G Ital Dermatol Venereol. 2008 Jun;143(3):195-205 Authors: Elsaie ML, Olasz E, Jacob SE Contact hypersensitivity (CHS) is a dendritic cell (DC)-dependent T-cell mediated cutaneous inflammatory reaction elicited by epicutaneous exposure to reactive chemicals, known as haptens, from cosmetic products or through environmental and occupational exposures. The best-studied haptens are low molecular weight chemicals (<1 000) that bind discrete amino acid residues on self or exogenous proteins/peptides in the skin and become immunogenic. Clinically, CHS typically occurs as a delayed type of allergic Contact Dermatitis. Haptens penetrate the skin and bind to self proteins to form complete antigens which are taken by antigen presenting cells to start a cascade of actions resulting in a delayed hypersensitivity reaction. Larger molecules such as proteins induce response involving the humoral immune system. The environment at the time of antigen presentation affects the innate immune system which in turn influences the expression of CHS. The subsequent immunologic response (or lack thereof) is a result of complex interaction between both the innate and the adaptive immune systems. This interaction results in either an inflammatory immune response or tolerance. PMID: 18833062 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 24 days ago
Related Articles Phenotypical Characteristics of the Immune Cells in Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Atopic Dermatitis and Pityriasis Rosea. Pathol Oncol Res. 2008 Sep 17; Authors: Hussein MR, Abdel-Magid WM, Saleh R, Nada E Allergic Contact Dermatitis (ACD) is a cell-mediated, delayed type IV immunologic reaction. Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that results from a complex interaction between immunologic, genetic, and environmental factors. Pityriasis rosea (PR) is a self-limited eruption of unknown etiology. Immune cell infiltrate is a constant feature in the inflammatory skin diseases. Here, we performed phenotypical characterization of the immune cells in ACD, AD and PR (ten cases each). We performed immunohistochemical stains for B cells (CD20), T cells (CD3), histiocytes (CD68) and T cells with cytotoxic activity (granzyme-B). The data were compared with findings in 20 specimens of normal skin. The results were scored as mean values of positively stained immune cells. Immunohistochemistry showed significantly high counts of immune cells in lesional skin (ACD, AD and PR) compared to the normal one (p < 0.05). In the lesional skin, the immune cells were composed predominantly of CD3(+) T lymphocytes and CD68(+) cells (histiocytes). Some of the CD3(+) cells were granzyme B(+). The counts of some immune cells (CD3(+) and CD68(+)) were high in ACD compared to AD and PR. The counts of CD20(+) and granzyme B( ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 24 days ago
Related Articles Allergic Contact Dermatitis to phenylephrine. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2008 May-Jun;74(3):298 Authors: Singal A, Rohatgi J, Pandhi D PMID: 18597980 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 35 days ago
Related Articles [Severe hematogenous Contact Dermatitis after oral nickel exposition.] Hautarzt. 2008 Sep 6; Authors: Niebuhr M, Kapp A, Werfel T A 19-year-old woman with known strong Contact sensitization to nickel sulfate presented with persistent periumbilical eczema even though she had been careful to avoid exposure to the allergen. She had childhood atopic Dermatitis which had been latent but had flared a year previously, presenting as flexural eczema. Double-blind placebo-controlled oral challenge with 5 mg nickel revealed a hematogenous Contact Dermatitis, accompanied by fever and malaise. It resolved quickly after treatment with systemic steroids and antihistamines. The possibility of hematogenous Contact Dermatitis should be considered in patients with strong delayed-type hypersensitivity suffering from persistent or relapsing eczema. PMID: 18773183 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 38 days ago
Related Articles New aspects in allergic Contact Dermatitis. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 Oct;8(5):428-32 Authors: Mortz CG, Andersen KE PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To give selected new information on Contact allergy and allergic Contact Dermatitis with focus on diagnostic procedures and pitfalls. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent studies dealing with common Contact allergens have improved our understanding of the relationship between positive patch tests and the clinical interpretation and consequences for the patient. SUMMARY: Nickel allergy is still the most common Contact allergy in Europe in spite of full implementation of the EU Nickel Directive in 2001. Contact allergens in cosmetics and topical drugs are another common cause of allergic Contact Dermatitis. The main culprits include fragrance chemicals, preservatives, and hair dyes. We are all more or less exposed to cosmetics and topical drugs on a daily basis. The labelling requirements given in the Cosmetics Directive is of great help in tracing the causative allergenic ingredients. Most of the components present in cosmetic products are also occurring in household and industrial products, often under other trade names. Patients with multiple Contact allergies constitute a special problem because their quality of life is severely affected by the multitude of eliciting products in the environment. We still lack a good understanding of why these patients become so easily sensitized. PMID: ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 22 days ago
Related Articles Immune regulatory mechanisms in allergic Contact Dermatitis and Contact sensitization. Chem Immunol Allergy. 2008;94:93-100 Authors: Cavani A Contact allergy is a very common disease due to an uncontrolled immune response to chemically reactive small molecular compounds penetrating the skin. The reaction is mostly sustained by specific CD8+and CD4+type 1 T lymphocytes, which are recruited at the site of chemical challenge thanks to the expression of specific homing and chemokine receptors. Evidence exists that specialized subsets of T lymphocytes with regulatory function modulate immune responses to haptens by preventing the occurrence of the hypersensitivity reactions in non-allergic individuals exposed to the sensitizer. In addition, the magnitude of the inflammatory reaction in allergic individuals is also tightly regulated not only by the exhaustion/ apoptosis of effector T cells at the site of chemical challenge, but also by the intervention of T-regulatory cells. Most of the T-regulatory cells involved in this process belong to the CD4+ subset, such as the IL-10-producing T cells, namely Tregulatory cells 1, and the CD4+CD25+T-regulatory lymphocytes. In addition, reports suggest the existence of Treg activity among the CD8+ subpopulation. The currently held view is that Contact allergies are the consequences of the exaggerated expansion of specific CD8+ effector T lymphocytes due to an impaired development of eff ...

Source: www.eczemaletters.com --- 22 days ago
Related Articles Lymphocyte proliferation testing in chromium allergic Contact Dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2008 Jul;33(4):472-7 Authors: Martins LE, Duarte AJ, Aoki V, Nunes RS, Ogusuku S, Reis VM BACKGROUND: Lymphocyte proliferation testing (LPT) has some advantages over patch testing to diagnose allergic Contact Dermatitis. It is harmless, objective and can be used in clinical situations where patch testing is not recommended. Unfortunately, significant success has only been achieved with nickel. There are few studies on chromium LPT and they were performed with different methods, leading to inconsistent results. METHODS: To determine the best parameters for chromium LPT, we tested 20 patients with allergic Contact Dermatitis to the metal and 20 controls, using various protocols. RESULTS: The best sensitivity and specificity ratios were achieved with 6-day cultures stimulated with a range from 7.5 x 10(-4) to 5 x 10(-3) mol/L of nonfiltered chromium chloride solutions. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy values found within this range were 65%, 95% and 80%, respectively. CONCLUSION: Further investigation is necessary to achieve better sensitivity values. PMID: 18582233 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.eczemaletters.com --- 32 days ago
Related Articles The value of patch testing patients with a scattered generalized distribution of Dermatitis: retrospective cross-sectional analyses of North American Contact Dermatitis Group data, 2001 to 2004. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008 Sep;59(3):426-31 Authors: Zug KA, Rietschel RL, Warshaw EM, Belsito DV, Taylor JS, Maibach HI, Mathias CG, Fowler JF, Marks JG, DeLeo VA, Pratt MD, Sasseville D, Storrs FJ BACKGROUND: A scattered generalized distribution (SGD) of Dermatitis is a challenging problem; patch testing is a strategy for evaluating allergic Contact Dermatitis as a relevant factor. OBJECTIVE: We sought to analyze patient characteristics and most frequently relevant positive allergens in patients presenting for patch testing with SGD. METHODS: We conducted retrospective cross-sectional analysis of North American Contact Dermatitis Group 2001 to 2004 data. Patients with SGD were compared with patients without SGD. RESULTS: Of 10,061 patients, 14.9% (n = 1497) had only a SGD. Men and patients with a history of atopic eczema were more likely to have Dermatitis in a SGD (P < .001). Preservatives, fragrances, propylene glycol, cocamidopropyl betaine, ethyleneurea melamine formaldehyde, tixocortol pivalate, and budesonide were among the more frequently relevant positive allergens. Top allergen sources included cosmetics/beauty preparations/skin and health care products, clothing, and topical corticoids. LIMITATIONS: This was a retros ...

Source: www.eczemaletters.com --- 11 days ago
Related Articles Whither... the future for Contact Dermatitis? A report from the 2007 International Review of Current Problems in Contact Dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2008 Sep 19; Authors: Alexandroff AB, Burova E In our report we summarize presentations made at the International Review of Current Problems in Contact Dermatitis meeting which took place at the St John's Institute of Dermatology, London, on 1 June 2007, and which brought together over 100 dermatologists from the U.K., continental Europe and the U.S.A. During this small and informal meeting, the state-of-the art lectures on various aspects of Contact Dermatitis were followed by energetic discussions. PMID: 18808415 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.treatingskinproblems.com --- 41 days ago
Before embarking on any treatment the first thing to do is visit your doctor to find out if infact you are suffering from Dermatitis and what kind of Dermatitis it is such as atopic, Contact allergy or Contact irritant Dermatitis. In thisarticle we will deal with treatments for Contact Dermatitis. ...

Source: www.christianet.com --- 32 days ago
Many people with allergic Contact Dermatitis are seeking relief from the redness, swelling, and pain on the skin associated with the disease. ...

Source: www.my-pet-medicine.com --- 22 days ago
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Source: www.marketingpixels.com --- 41 days ago
The first thing to do is visit your doctor to find out if infact you are suffering from Dermatitis and what kind of Dermatitis it is such as atopic, Contact allergy or Contact irritant Dermatitis. In ...

Source: www.chemicals-qed.com --- 18 days ago
Health. Diseases of hands - skin disorders - allergic Contact Dermatitis, almost always begins, like atopic Dermatitis on the dorsal surface of the fingers and hands. Allergic Contact Dermatitis differs from atopic Dermatitis in that ... ...

Source: allergies.about.com --- 40 days ago
Cosmetic allergy is a frequent cause of Contact Dermatitis in both men and women. A huge number of chemicals are in cosmetics that we Contact with everyday. Chemicals in soaps, cleansers, lotions and creams, hair care products, nail products, shaving creams and gels, deodorants and antiperspirants, perfumes and colognes, toothpastes, as well as the traditional cosmetics (eyeliner, mascara, lipstick and makeup) all contain chemicals that can cause cosmetic allergy. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 9 days ago
Related Articles Neem oil: an herbal therapy for alopecia causes Dermatitis. Dermatitis. 2008 May-Jun;19(3):E12-5 Authors: Reutemann P, Ehrlich A For more than 2,000 years, the neem tree has been considered one of the most useful and versatile plants in the world. Neem oil has been used for both homeopathic remedies and as a pesticide. Both systemic and Contact reactions have occurred with the use of neem oil. We report a patient who presented with an acute case of Contact Dermatitis on the scalp and face after the use of neem oil for alopecia and present a review of the literature regarding its uses, toxicity, and regulation. PMID: 18627678 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...