Biomarkers

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 11 days ago
Related Articles Biomarkers for the lung cancer diagnosis and their advances in proteomics. BMB Rep. 2008 Sep;41(9):615-25 Authors: Sung HJ, Cho JY Over a last decade, intense interest has been focused on biomarker discovery and their clinical uses. This interest is accelerated by the completion of human genome project and the progress of techniques in proteomics. Especially, cancer biomarker discovery is eminent in this field due to its anticipated critical role in early diagnosis, therapy guidance, and prognosis monitoring of cancers. Among cancers, lung cancer, one of the top three major cancers, is the one showing the highest mortality because of failure in early diagnosis. Numerous potential DNA Biomarkers such as hypermethylations of the promoters and mutations in K-ras, p53, and protein Biomarkers; carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CYFRA21-1, plasma kallikrein B1 (KLKB1), Neuron-specific enolase, etc. have been discovered as lung cancer Biomarkers. Despite extensive studies thus far, few are turned out to be useful in clinic. Even those used in clinic do not show enough sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility for general use. This review describes what the cancer Biomarkers are for, various types of lung cancer Biomarkers discovered at present and predicted future advance in lung cancer biomarker discovery with proteomics technology. [BMB reports 2008; 41(9): 615-625]. PMID: 18823584 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.nih.gov --- 9 days ago
This study, sponsored by the National Cancer Institute (NCI), part of the National Institutes of Health, is called MARVEL (Marker Validation for Erlotinib in Lung Cancer) and will attempt to definitively establish the future value of selecting patients for treatment based on the presence or absence of EGFR activation. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Biomarkers and Health-Related Quality of Life in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Oct 1; Authors: Spiegel BM, Melmed G, Robbins S, Esrailian E BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) predicts mortality in ESRD, yet adoption of HRQOL monitoring is not widespread, and regulatory authorities remain predominantly concerned with monitoring traditional biologic parameters. To assist with future efforts to adopt HRQOL monitoring while acknowledging the importance of Biomarkers, this study sought to establish which domains of HRQOL are most affected by ESRD and to measure the strength of evidence linking common Biomarkers to HRQOL in ESRD. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS: A systematic review was performed to identify studies that measured HRQOL in ESRD. Data were abstracted according to a conceptual model regarding the measurement of HRQOL differences, and HRQOL data were converted to weighted mean effect sizes and correlation coefficients. RESULTS: The impact of ESRD was largest in the Short Form 36 domains of physical functioning (e.g., role-physical, vitality) and smallest in mental functioning (e.g., mental health, role-emotional). Dialysis adequacy, as measured by Kt/V, was a poor correlate for Short Form 36 scores. Similarly, mineral metabolism (e.g., calcium x phosphorous, parathyroid hormone) and inflammatory (e.g., C-reactive protein, TN ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 11 days ago
Related Articles Cerebrospinal fluid Biomarkers in the evaluation of Alzheimer disease. Clin Chem. 2008 Oct;54(10):1589-91 Authors: Verbeek MM, Olde Rikkert MG PMID: 18824570 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 3 days ago
Related Articles Differential Membrane Proteomics Using (18)O-Labeling To Identify Biomarkers for Cholangiocarcinoma. J Proteome Res. 2008 Oct 8; Authors: Kristiansen TZ, Harsha HC, Grønborg M, Maitra A, Pandey A Quantitative proteomic methodologies allow profiling of hundreds to thousands of proteins in a high-throughput fashion. This approach is increasingly applied to cancer biomarker discovery to identify proteins that are differentially regulated in cancers. Fractionation of protein samples based on enrichment of cellular subproteomes prior to mass spectrometric analysis can provide increased coverage of certain classes of molecules. We used a membrane protein enrichment strategy coupled with (18)O labeling based quantitative proteomics to identify proteins that are highly expressed in cholangiocarcinomas. In addition to identifying several proteins previously known to be overexpressed in cholangiocarcinoma, we discovered a number of molecules that were previously not associated with cholangiocarcinoma. Using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical labeling of tissue microarrays, we validated Golgi membrane protein 1, Annexin IV and Epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8) as candidate Biomarkers for cholangiocarcinomas. Golgi membrane protein 1 was observed to be overexpressed in 89% of cholangiocarcinoma cases analyzed by staining tissue microarrays. In light of recent reports showing that Golgi membrane prote ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Effect of exercise on Biomarkers, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms in older women with breast cancer receiving hormonal therapy. Oncol Nurs Forum. 2008 Jul;35(4):635-42 Authors: Payne JK, Held J, Thorpe J, Shaw H PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES: To compare the effectiveness of a prescribed home-based walking exercise intervention with usual care in older women receiving hormonal treatment for breast cancer, and to examine relationships among levels of the cortisol, serotonin, interleukin-6, and bilirubin Biomarkers and fatigue, sleep disturbances, and depressive symptoms. DESIGN: Longitudinal randomized clinical trial. SETTING: A National Cancer Institute-designated cancer center in the southeastern United States. SAMPLE: 20 women (aged 55 years or older) with breast cancer receiving hormonal treatment. METHODS: Participants were randomized to a walking exercise intervention or usual care. Laboratory samples and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Piper Revised Fatigue Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale were collected at the initial clinic visit and at 12 weeks from the groups. Questionnaires also were collected at weeks 2 and 14. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES: Fatigue, sleep disturbances, depressive symptoms, Biomarkers, and exercise. FINDINGS: Effect of the exercise intervention on sleep scores was highly significant between groups. Exercise group scores on the PSQI decre ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Measures of cutaneous human papillomavirus infection in normal tissues as Biomarkers of HPV in corresponding nonmelanoma skin cancers. Int J Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;123(10):2337-42 Authors: Rollison DE, Pawlita M, Giuliano AR, Iannacone MR, Sondak VK, Messina JL, Cruse CW, Fenske NA, Glass LF, Kienstra M, Michael KM, Waterboer T, Gheit T, Tommasino M Cutaneous human papillomavirus (HPV) may be associated with the development of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), as suggested by reports of HPV DNA in NMSC tumors. HPV has also been investigated as an NMSC risk factor in epidemiologic studies, although findings vary across studies that used different Biomarkers of HPV infection in normal tissues. To identify appropriate Biomarkers for use in future epidemiologic studies, we conducted a sampling validation study. NMSC tumor tissue was obtained from 20 patients with pathology-confirmed basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, in addition to several normal tissues, including eyebrow hairs, normal skin swabs obtained using multiple techniques, normal skin punch and shave biopsies, and serum for antibody measurement. Presence of cutaneous HPV DNA in tissues was measured with multiplex PCR using HPV type-specific primers and array primer extension (APEX) for HPV typing. Antibody detection was based on glutathione-S-transferase capture ELISA in combination with fluorescent bead technology. Using HPV DNA in tumor tissues as a gold ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Peripheral Abeta subspecies as risk Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 16;105(37):14052-7 Authors: Schupf N, Tang MX, Fukuyama H, Manly J, Andrews H, Mehta P, Ravetch J, Mayeux R Plasma Abeta42 and Abeta40 levels are putative Biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (AD), but their significance and predictive value have been inconclusive. In AD transgenic models, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid levels of Abeta42 and Abeta40 increase with age but subsequently decrease when Abeta begins to accumulate in brain and with the onset of cognitive impairment. To determine the predictive value of Abeta levels in elderly populations, we investigated how plasma Abeta42, Abeta40, and a protofibrillar subspecies of Abeta42 changed over time and with the onset of cognitive impairment or AD. In a cohort of 1,125 elderly persons without dementia, 104 (9.2%) of the participants developed AD over 4.6 years of follow-up. Higher plasma Abeta42 levels at the onset of the study were associated with a threefold increased risk of AD. However, conversion to AD was accompanied by a significant decline in plasma Abeta42, a decreased Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio and, with the onset of cognitive impairment, decreased protofibrillar Abeta42 levels. Our results suggest individuals with elevated plasma Abeta42 are at increased risk of AD and that with the onset of disease, the decline in some forms of Abeta may reflect compartme ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 30 days ago
Related Articles Beneficial Effects of Adalimumab on Biomarkers Reflecting Structural Damage in Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. J Rheumatol. 2008 Sep 1; Authors: Maksymowych WP, Rahman P, Shojania K, Olszynski WP, Thomson GT, Ballal S, Wong RL, Inman RD OBJECTIVE: We analyzed the effects of adalimumab on Biomarkers predictive of structural damage in inflammatory arthritis. METHODS: In a 24-week randomized controlled trial, patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) received adalimumab 40 mg or placebo every other week. Efficacy measures included ASsessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis International Working Group response, Bath AS Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Total Back Pain, Bath AS Functional Index, C-reactive protein (CRP), and patient's global assessment of disease activity. Urinary type II collagen C-telopeptides (CTX-II), serum type I collagen N-telopeptides (NTX), and serum metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were assessed using ELISA for treatment-group differences at baseline, 12, and 24 weeks. We determined correlations between changes in Biomarkers and AS efficacy outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 82 patients (38 adalimumab, 44 placebo) enrolled. At 12 and 24 weeks, significant reductions in urinary CTX-II and MMP-3, but not NTX concentrations, were observed for adalimumab versus placebo (p < 0.001). Significant baseline correlations were noted between CRP and CTX-II (r = 0.71), MMP-3 (r = 0.45), and NTX (r = 0.37) (p </= 0 ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 41 days ago
Related Articles Blood oxidative stress Biomarkers: influence of sex, exercise training status, and dietary intake. Gend Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):218-28 Authors: Bloomer RJ, Fisher-Wellman KH Background: Sex and lifestyle factors are known to influence the oxidation of protein, lipids, and DNA. Biomarkers such as protein carbonyls (PC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) have been commonly used in an attempt to characterize the oxidative status of human subjects. Objective: This study compared resting blood oxidative stress Biomarkers, in relation to exercise training status and dietary intake, between men and women. Methods: Exercise-trained and sedentary men and women (with normal menstrual cycles; reporting during the early follicular phase) were recruited from the University of Memphis, Tennessee, campus and surrounding community via recruitment flyers and word of mouth. Participants were categorized by sex and current exercise training status (ie, trained or untrained). Each completed a detailed 5-day food record of all food and drink consumed. Diets were analyzed for kilocalories and macro- and micronutrient (vitamins C, E, A) intake. Venous blood samples were obtained at rest and analyzed for PC, MDA, and 8-OHdG. Results: In the 131 participants (89 men, of whom 74 were exercise trained and 15 untrained, and 42 women, of whom 22 were exercise trained and 20 untrained; mean [SD] age, 24 [4] years), PC did not d ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 40 days ago
Related Articles Changes in Mood States and Biomarkers During Peginterferon and Ribavirin Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Aug 21; Authors: Fontana RJ, Kronfol Z, Lindsay KL, Bieliauskas LA, Padmanabhan L, Back-Madruga C, Lok AS, Stoddard AM, OBJECTIVE: Depression is a frequent side effect of interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC). The aim of this study was to identify baseline and on-treatment predictors of depression in CHC patients receiving peginterferon and ribavirin. METHODS: In total, 201 prior nonresponders with advanced fibrosis were treated with peginterferon alfa-2a and ribavirin for 24 wk in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-term Treatment against Cirrhosis trial. Of these, 74 continued on antiviral therapy through week 48. Mood states were assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory II and the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Plasma cortisol and whole blood serotonin levels were measured in 101 subjects at weeks 0, 4, 24, 48, and 72. RESULTS: The incidence of interferon-induced depression was 23% and 42% at weeks 24 and 48, respectively. Although 22% of patients had baseline depression, the absence of a week 20 virological response was the only independent predictor of interferon-induced depression at week 24 (P= 0.0009). Plasma cortisol levels did not change during treatment nor correlate with depression. In contrast, whole blood serotonin/platelet levels significa ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 38 days ago
Related Articles Cell surface Biomarkers of embryonic stem cells. Proteomics. 2008 Sep 3; Authors: Nagano K, Yoshida Y, Isobe T Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can give rise to any adult cell type and thus offer enormous potential for regenerative medicine and drug discovery. Molecular Biomarkers serve as valuable tools to classify and isolate ESCs and to monitor their differentiation state by antibody-based techniques. A number of Biomarkers, such as certain cell surface antigens, are used to assign pluripotent ESCs; however, accumulating evidence suggests that ESCs are heterogeneous in morphology, phenotype and function, and are thereby classified into subpopulations characterized by multiple sets of molecular Biomarkers. Biomarker discovery is also important for ESC biology to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that regulate pluripotency and differentiation. This review summarizes studies of ESC biomarker discovery. "Genome-wide" expression profiling of ESC mRNAs and proteins and direct analyses of the cell surface subproteome have demonstrated that ESCs express a diverse range of Biomarkers, cell surface antigens, and signaling molecules found in different cell lineages, as well as a number of key molecules that assure "stemness". Clearly, future quantitative proteomics approaches will enhance our knowledge of the stage- and lineage-specific expression of the proteome and its temporal changes upon differentiation, and provide a more de ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 39 days ago
Related Articles Advances in ovarian cancer proteomics: the quest for Biomarkers and improved therapeutic interventions. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2008 Aug;5(4):551-560 Authors: Jurisicova A, Jurisica I, Kislinger T Epithelial ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among gynecological cancers due to the asymptomatic nature of the disease, a lack of early detection markers and the development of resistance to current chemotherapeutic agents. Currently available tests (CA-125, transvaginal ultrasound or combination of both) lack the sensitivity and specificity to be useful as an efficient screening tool for surveillance of the general population. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development and validation of new molecular markers that would be both specific and sensitive indicators of disease onset, as well as progression. Proteomic profiling has emerged as a powerful tool to study ovarian cancer in an unbiased way at the molecular level, to monitor the effects of given treatment options and for the discovery of Biomarkers. In this review we discuss the challenges associated with proteomics-based biomarker discovery and some recent concepts to potentially overcome these hurdles. Recent proteomics work on ovarian cancer cells and tissues will be discussed in light of obtaining new insights into fundamental biological processes, as well as their potential integration with ongoing biomarker discovery pipelines. PMID: ...

Source: www.moreover.com --- 34 days ago
Chinese medical scientists say they've discovered serum microRNAs, or miRNAs, can serve as Biomarkers for the detection of such diseases as cancer and diabetes. ...

Source: houston.bizjournals.com --- 39 days ago
Opexa Therapeutics Inc. has established a research partnership with the Myelin Repair Foundation Inc. to identify Biomarkers in multiple sclerosis that could help in treating the disease. (OPXA) ...

Source: www.medicinenet.com --- 23 days ago
Title: Immune System Biomarkers May Predict Early Lung Cancer Category: Health News Created: 9/16/2008 2:00:00 AM Last Editorial Review: 9/16/2008 ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 39 days ago
Patients presenting shortness of breath on arrival at the emergency department (ED) can gain from improved diagnosis allowing physicians to distinguish congestive heart failure patients from those presenting pneumonia. ...

Source: seekingalpha.com --- 12 days ago
Douglas Cress submits: In a move that could accelerate the growth of Clarient’s biomarker business, the company announced Friday that, with Definiens , it will develop and commercialize tools to help evaluate quantitative Biomarkers that predict cancer treatment response. Definiens’ platform uses image analysis algorithms to analyze multi-dimensional image data, regardless of file type, complexity or size. The software can be used to automatically identify and quantify regions of interest within breast, prostate and colon cancer tissue samples. Clarient processes large numbers of tissue samples for both clinical decision-making and drug development. These tissue samples are converted into high-resolution digital images that are managed and analyzed using Clarient’s web-based customer portal, PATHSiTE. Definiens will integrate its image analysis tools into PATHSiTe, allowing Clarient to assess several intracellular processes simultaneously, quantify key markers and increase operational throughput. Complete Story » ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 2 days ago
Power3 Medical Products, Inc. (OTCBB:PWRM), today announced that the company has executed a Letter of Intent with StemTroniX, Inc., a Texas based Stem Cell Therapy Company that specializes in research, exploration and consolidation of stem cell technologies for use in Autologous Adult Stem Cell Therapy's and Transplantations. "Power3 Medical is excited about this collaboration," commented Dr. ...