Biomarker

Source: chronicfatigue.about.com --- 8 days ago
Here's a new term for you: CD26. Remember it - you might be hearing a lot about it, and it could someday confirm your diagnosis of chronic fatigue syndrome... ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 21 days ago
38 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Biomarker AND drug These PubMed results were generated on 2008/08/08 PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 26 days ago
Related Articles Antitumor activity and Biomarker analysis of sunitinib in patients with bevacizumab-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Aug 1;26(22):3743-8 Authors: Rini BI, Michaelson MD, Rosenberg JE, Bukowski RM, Sosman JA, Stadler WM, Hutson TE, Margolin K, Harmon CS, DePrimo SE, Kim ST, Chen I, George DJ PURPOSE: To assess the safety and efficacy of sunitinib in patients with bevacizumab-refractory metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) and explore biomarkers for sunitinib response. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with mRCC and disease progression after bevacizumab-based therapy received oral sunitinib 50 mg once daily in 6-week cycles on a 4/2 schedule (4 weeks with treatment followed by 2 weeks without treatment) in a phase II multicenter study. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DR), overall survival (OS), and safety. Plasma soluble proteins (vascular endothelial growth factor [VEGF]-A, VEGF-C, soluble VEGF receptor [sVEGFR]-3, and placental growth factor [PlGF]) levels were measured. RESULTS: Sixty-one patients were enrolled. The ORR was 23.0% (95% CI, 13.2% to 35.5%), median PFS was 30.4 weeks (95% CI, 18.3 to 36.7 weeks), median DR was 44.1 weeks (95% CI, 25.0 to 102.7 weeks), and median OS was 47.1 weeks (95% CI, 36.9 to 79.4 weeks). Mean plasma VEGF-A and PlGF levels significantly increased ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 26 days ago
28 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Biomarker AND drug These PubMed results were generated on 2008/08/02 PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Related Articles Serum concentration of chromogranin A at admission: An early Biomarker of severity in critically ill patients. Ann Med. 2008 Aug 21;:1-7 Authors: Zhang D, Lavaux T, Sapin R, Lavigne T, Castelain V, Aunis D, Metz-Boutigue MH, Schneider F Background. Chromogranin A (CGA), a stress marker released with catecholamines by the adrenal medulla, has never been associated with acute inflammation in critically ill patients. Aim. To determine evidence for a link between serum concentration of CGA, biomarkers of inflammation, and outcome in patients admitted with or without the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Methods. At admission, we measured in 53 patients and 14 healthy controls the serum concentrations of CGA, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein. We also assessed the Simplified Acute Physiological Score (SAPS) in the patients. Results. Serum CGA concentrations were significantly increased in SIRS patients with a median value of 115 microg/L (68.0-202.8), when compared to healthy controls (P<0.001). In cases where infection was associated with SIRS, patients had the highest increase in CGA with a median value of 138.5 microg/L (65-222.3) (P<0.001). CGA concentrations positively correlated with inflammation markers (procalcitonin, C-reactive protein), but also with SAPS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that CGA is equivalent to SAPS as an indicator for 28-day mortality (area under curve ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 23 days ago
24 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Biomarker AND drug These PubMed results were generated on 2008/08/05 PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 21 days ago
Related Articles New assay for the measurement of selenoprotein P as a sepsis Biomarker from serum. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 2008;22(1):24-32 Authors: Hollenbach B, Morgenthaler NG, Struck J, Alonso C, Bergmann A, Köhrle J, Schomburg L Selenium (Se) is incorporated into selenoproteins as the 21st proteinogenic amino acid selenocysteine. Serum Se concentrations decline during critical illness and are indicative of poor prognosis. Serum Se is mainly contained in the hepatically derived selenoprotein P (SePP) which controls the expression of antioxidative selenoproteins. Here, we describe the development of an immunoluminometric sandwich assay that uses two polyclonal sheep antihuman SePP antibodies. After assessing the stability of the analyte, we determined SePP concentrations in samples from healthy individuals and patients with sepsis. The analytical detection limit was 0.016 mg SePP/L serum. The assay was linear on dilution. SePP was stable in serum at room temperature for at least 24 h and resistant to six freeze-thaw cycles. Median SePP concentration in healthy individuals was 3.04 mg SePP/L serum (25th-75th percentiles, 2.6-3.4 mg/L) which corresponded to 98.4 microg Se/L serum. The interlaboratory CV was <20% for SePP values >0.06 mg/L. There was no association with gender, but concentrations differed between young and older individuals. Median SePP concentrations were significantly (P<0.0001) decreased in patients with sepsis (n=6 ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 24 days ago
Related Articles An enzyme-linked immunosorbent poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase Biomarker assay for clinical trials of PARP inhibitors. Anal Biochem. 2008 Jul 16; Authors: Liu X, Palma J, Kinders R, Shi Y, Donawho C, Ellis PA, Rodriguez LE, Colon-Lopez M, Saltarelli M, Leblond D, Lin CT, Frost DJ, Luo Y, Giranda VL Many established cancer therapies involve DNA-damaging chemotherapy or radiotherapy. The DNA repair capacity of the tumor represents a common mechanism used by cancer cells to survive DNA-damaging therapy. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a nuclear enzyme that is activated by DNA damage and has critical roles in DNA repair. Inhibition of PARP potentiates the activity of DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide, topoisomerase inhibitors and radiation in both in vitro and in vivo preclinical models. Recently, several PARP inhibitors have entered clinical trials either as single agents or in combination with DNA-damaging chemotherapy. Because PARP inhibitors are not cytotoxic, a Biomarker assay is useful to guide the selection of an optimal biological dose. We set out to develop an assay that enables us to detect 50% PAR reduction in human tumors with 80% power in a single-plate assay while assuring no more than a 10% false-positive rate. We have developed and optimized an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure PARP activity that meets the above-mentioned criterion. This robust assay is able to detect PAR levels ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 26 days ago
Related Articles Smad1 as a Biomarker for diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes. 2008 Jun;57(6):1459-60 Authors: Kato H, Si H, Hostetter T, Susztak K PMID: 18511448 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 28 days ago
Related Articles The role of proteomics in clinical cardiovascular Biomarker discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics. 2008 Jul 30; Authors: Edwards AV, White MY, Cordwell SJ Cardiovascular disease remains the most common cause of death in the developed world, and is predicted by the World Health Organization to kill approximately 20 million people worldwide each year until at least 2015. In light of these figures, work on producing superior tools for clinical use in the cardiovascular field is intensive. As proteins are the primary effectors of cellular function, a significant majority of this work focuses on the role of proteins in the cardiovascular system in physiological and pathological states in order to outline both mechanisms and markers of disease. One of the most effective ways to investigate these on a global basis is through proteomic analysis, which allows for broad spectrum screening of cellular protein or peptide complements during cardiovascular pathogenesis. Furthermore, specific technologies are now available to screen animal model or human blood samples for novel, improved markers of chronic disease states, such as atherosclerosis, or for earlier indicators of acute myocardial stress, including ischemia / reperfusion injury and heart failure. This review summarises current literature on the key aspects of proteomics and peptidomics related to clinical cardiovascular science. PMID: 18667414 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 18 days ago
23 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Biomarker AND drug These PubMed results were generated on 2008/08/09 PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 13 days ago
16 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Biomarker AND drug These PubMed results were generated on 2008/08/16 PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 18 days ago
Related Articles [The study on pro-adrenomedullin as a new Biomarker in sepsis prognosis and risk stratification.] Zhongguo Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2008 Aug;20(8):452-5 Authors: Kang FX, Wang RL, Yu KL, Wei Q OBJECTIVE: To assess the clinical value of pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM) in the prognosis and risk stratification in sepsis. METHODS: Fifty-one critically ill patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) were prospectively stratified into four groups according to internationally recognized criteria: systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS, 25 cases), sepsis (12 cases), severe sepsis (9 cases) and septic shock (5 cases). The levels of plasma pro-ADM was determined in every patient using a new sandwich immunoassay, and compared with procalcitonin (PCT), C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and the acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII) score. RESULTS: (1) Median pro-ADM concentration was 0.34 mug/L for SIRS, 2.23 mug/L for sepsis, 4.57 mug/L for severe sepsis and 8.21 mug/L for septic shock. The plasma concentration of pro-ADM exhibited a gradual increase, and the median pro-ADM value was highest in the septic shock group (all P<0.05). (2) Compared with the other biomarkers, in the sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock groups, the plasma concentration of pro-ADM and APACHEII score in the non-survivors was significantly higher than in the survivors (pro-ADM: 2.01 mug/L vs. 9.75 mu ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 15 days ago
45 new PubMed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results: Biomarker AND drug These PubMed results were generated on 2008/08/13 PubMed, a service of the National Library of Medicine, includes over 15 million citations for biomedical articles back to the 1950's. These citations are from MEDLINE and additional life science journals. PubMed includes links to many sites providing full text articles and other related resources. ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 26 days ago
Related Articles Cyclin B1 is an efficacy-predicting Biomarker for Chk1 inhibitors. Biomarkers. 2008 Jul 31;:1-18 Authors: Xiao Z, Xue J, Gu WZ, Bui M, Li G, Tao ZF, Lin NH, Sowin TJ, Zhang H Chk1 is the major mediator of cell-cycle checkpoints in response to various forms of genotoxic stress. Although it was previously speculated that checkpoint abrogation due to Chk1 inhibition may potentiate the efficacy of DNA-damaging agents through induction of mitotic catastrophe, there has not been direct evidence proving this process. Here, through both molecular marker and morphological analysis, we directly demonstrate that specific downregulation of Chk1 expression by Chk1 siRNA potentiates the cytotoxicities of topoisomerase inhibitors through the induction of premature chromosomal condensation and mitotic catastrophe. More importantly, we discovered that the cellular cyclin B1 level is the major determinant of the potentiation. We show that downregulation of cyclin B1 leads to impairment of the induction of mitotic catastrophe and correspondingly a reduction of the potentiation ability of either Chk1 siRNA or a small molecule Chk1 inhibitor. More significantly, we have extended the study by examining a panel of 10 cancer cell-lines with different tissue origins for their endogenous levels of cyclin B1 and the ability of a Chk1 inhibitor to sensitize the cells to DNA-damaging agents. The cellular levels of cyclin B1 positively correlate wi ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 15 days ago
Related Articles Is plasma amyloid-beta a reliable Biomarker for Alzheimer's disease? Recent Patents CNS Drug Discov. 2008 Jun;3(2):109-11 Authors: Zetterberg H Over the past decade, a tremendous amount of consistent data have accumulated showing reduced levels of the 42 amino acid isoform of amyloid-beta (Abeta(42)) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from patients with mature as well as incipient Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, as CSF analyses necessitate a spinal tap, which some consider hard to implement in the clinical routine and in clinical trials, there is a strong interest in the possible association of Abeta levels in plasma with AD. This review provides an update on the current status of research on plasma Abeta as a Biomarker for AD in the context of recent patents in the field. PMID: 18537770 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 13 days ago
The Brain Injury Biomarker VLP-1 Is Increased in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Alzheimer's Disease Patients. Clin Chem. 2008 Aug 14; Authors: Lee JM, Blennow K, Andreasen N, Laterza O, Modur V, Olander J, Gao F, Ohlendorf M, Ladenson JH BACKGROUND: Definitive diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) can be made only by histopathological examination of brain tissue, prompting the search for premortem disease biomarkers. We sought to determine if the novel brain injury Biomarker, visinin-like protein 1 (VLP-1), is altered in the CSF of AD patients compared with controls, and to compare its values to the other well-studied CSF biomarkers 42-amino acid amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta1-42), total Tau (tTau), and hyperphosphorylated Tau (pTau). METHODS: Using ELISA, we measured concentrations of Abeta1-42, tTau, pTau, and VLP-1 in CSF samples from 33 AD patients and 24 controls. We compared the diagnostic performance of these biomarkers using ROC curves. RESULTS: CSF VLP-1 concentrations were significantly higher in AD patients [median (interquartile range) 365 (166) ng/L] compared with controls [244 (142.5) ng/L]. Although the diagnostic performance of VLP-1 alone was comparable to that of Abeta, tTau, or pTau alone, the combination of the 4 biomarkers demonstrated better performance than each individually. VLP-1 concentrations were higher in AD subjects with APOE epsilon4/epsilon4 genotype [599 (240) ng/L] compared with epsilon3/e4 [376 (127) ng/L] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 10 days ago
Related Articles Validation of a novel Biomarker for acute axonal injury in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurosci Res. 2008 Aug 15; Authors: Gresle MM, Shaw G, Jarrott B, Alexandrou EN, Friedhuber A, Kilpatrick TJ, Butzkueven H In multiple sclerosis, inflammatory axonal injury is a key pathological mechanism responsible for the development of progressive neurological dysfunction. The injured axon represents a therapeutic target in this disease; however, therapeutic trials of neuroprotective candidates will initially require preclinical testing in an animal model of inflammatory axonal injury and subsequently the development of a reliable paraclinical measure of axonal degeneration in humans. In the present study, we demonstrate the validity of serum phosphorylated neurofilament H (pNF-H) as a marker of axonal injury in murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). At the time of maximum disease severity (EAE day 22), the average serum pNF-H level reached 5.7 ng/ml, correlating significantly with the EAE paraplegia score (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). On average, 40% of axons in the spinal cord were lost in EAE, and serum pNF-H levels were highly correlated with axon loss (r = 0.8, P < 0.001). Axonal injury was a severe and acute event, insofar as serum pNF-H levels were not significantly elevated at early (EAE day 12) or late (EAE days 35 and 50) disease time points. Our results demonstrate that acute inflammatory axo ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 10 days ago
Related Articles Prohibitin: a potential Biomarker for tissue-based detection of gastric cancer. J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(8):618-25 Authors: Kang X, Zhang L, Sun J, Ni Z, Ma Y, Chen X, Sheng X, Chen T BACKGROUND: Prohibitin (PHB) was found to be overexpressed in breast cancer and thus is suggested as a Biomarker in that disease. A few studies have investigated the PHB expression pattern in gastric cancer by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Uncertainties still existed on whether PHB expression could indicate the differentiation and apoptosis degree of gastric cancer and whether PHB protein as well as anti-PHB antibody could be a Biomarker in the serum of the gastric cancer patient. In this study, the expression levels of PHB protein and mRNA of the tissues as well as PHB antigen and anti-PHB antibody in serum of patients with gastric cancer were systemically examined. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR were used to detect expression levels of PHB protein and mRNA in gastric cancer tissues. Recombinant PHB antigen was identified by Western blotting. The expression of PHB antigen and anti-PHB antibody was investigated by ELISA and TRFIA. Bcl-2 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: By immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR analyses, PHB protein and mRNA were both overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues compared to adjacent normal gastric tissues (P < 0.01). Moreover, an elevated PHB expression pattern p ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 days ago
Related Articles Kidney Injury Molecule-1 (KIM-1): a specific and sensitive Biomarker of kidney injury. Scand J Clin Lab Invest Suppl. 2008;241:78-83 Authors: Bonventre JV There is an urgent need for the detection and monitoring of kidney injury in both the acute and chronic disease setting. Urinary kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), a type-1 transmembrane protein, is not normally present, but is expressed on the proximal tubule apical membrane with injury. Kim-1 has proved to be an outstanding indicator of kidney injury in the rat, outperforming blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine as predictors of histopathological changes in the proximal tubule in response to many pathophysiological states or toxicants. Studies in man indicate that tissue expression and urinary excretion of the ectodomain of KIM-1 are sensitive and specific markers of injury as well as predictors of outcome. PMID: 18569971 [PubMed - in process] ...