Biology

Source: www.moreover.com --- 21 hours ago
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Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 19 hours ago
Related Articles Synthetic Biology through biomolecular design and engineering. Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2008 Jul 18; Authors: Channon K, Bromley EH, Woolfson DN Synthetic Biology is a rapidly growing field that has emerged in a global, multidisciplinary effort among biologists, chemists, engineers, physicists, and mathematicians. Broadly, the field has two complementary goals: To improve understanding of biological systems through mimicry and to produce bio-orthogonal systems with new functions. Here we review the area specifically with reference to the concept of synthetic Biology space, that is, a hierarchy of components for, and approaches to generating new synthetic and functional systems to test, advance, and apply our understanding of biological systems. In keeping with this issue of Current Opinion in Structural Biology, we focus largely on the design and engineering of biomolecule-based components and systems. PMID: 18644449 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 6 hours ago
Related Articles Vascular endothelial growth factor in astroglioma stem cell Biology and response to therapy. J Cell Mol Med. 2008 Jan-Feb;12(1):111-25 Authors: Knizetova P, Darling JL, Bartek J Malignant astrogliomas are among the most aggressive, highly vascular and infiltrating tumours bearing a dismal prognosis, mainly due to their resistance to current radiation treatment and chemotherapy. Efforts to identify and target the mechanisms that underlie astroglioma resistance have recently focused on candidate cancer stem cells, their biological properties, interplay with their local microenvironment or 'niche', and their role in tumour progression and recurrence. Both paracrine and autocrine regulation of astroglioma cell behaviour by locally produced cytokines such as the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are emerging as key factors that determine astroglioma cell fate. Here, we review these recent rapid advances in astroglioma research, with emphasis on the significance of VEGF in astroglioma stem-like cell Biology. Furthermore, we highlight the unique DNA damage checkpoint properties of the CD133-marker-positive astroglioma stem-like cells, discuss their potential involvement in astroglioma radioresistance, and consider the implications of this new knowledge for designing combinatorial, more efficient therapeutic strategies. PMID: 18031298 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 14 hours ago
Related Articles Use of mouse models to study the role of tissue factor in tumor Biology. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2008 Mar;34(2):182-6 Authors: Pawlinski R, Mackman N Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade and plays an essential role in hemostasis. TF also contributes to many diseases, including cancer. The correlation between thrombosis and cancer has been recognized for more than a century. However, it is only in the past two decades that we have begun to understand the role of TF in tumor Biology. TF expression is upregulated on both tumor and host cells in cancer patients as well as in the circulation. Clinical observations indicate a direct correlation between the levels of tumor cell TF expression and poor prognosis for cancer patients. The role of TF in tumor Biology has been extensively studied using various mouse tumor models. It has been demonstrated that tumor cell TF contributes to tumor metastasis, growth, and angiogenesis. The role of host TF in tumor progression is less clear. Recently developed mouse models with altered levels of TF may be useful in further analysis of the role of host cell TF in cancer. PMID: 18645923 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 13 hours ago
Related Articles Nuclear architecture and chromatin dynamics revealed by atomic force microscopy in combination with biochemistry and cell Biology. Pflugers Arch. 2008 Apr;456(1):139-53 Authors: Hirano Y, Takahashi H, Kumeta M, Hizume K, Hirai Y, Otsuka S, Yoshimura SH, Takeyasu K The recent technical development of atomic force microscopy (AFM) has made nano-Biology of the nucleus an attractive and promising field. In this paper, we will review our current understanding of nuclear architecture and dynamics from the structural point of view. Especially, special emphases will be given to: (1) How to approach the nuclear architectures by means of new techniques using AFM, (2) the importance of the physical property of DNA in the construction of the higher-order structures, (3) the significance and implication of the linker and core histones and the nuclear matrix/scaffold proteins for the chromatin dynamics, (4) the nuclear proteins that contribute to the formation of the inner nuclear architecture. Spatio-temporal analyses using AFM, in combination with biochemical and cell biological approaches, will play important roles in the nano-Biology of the nucleus, as most of nuclear structures and events occur in nanometer, piconewton and millisecond order. The new applications of AFM, such as recognition imaging, fast-scanning imaging, and a variety of modified cantilevers, are expected to be powerful techniques to reveal the nanostructure o ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 5 hours ago
The Genome Projects constructed computational representations of the DNA of organisms, enabling in-silico analysis of genomes in place of in-vivo experiments. Post-genomic systems Biology seeks to construct computational representations of the systems of interacting proteins and cells which implement the organism's physiology and phenotype. We have developed a novel computational infrastructure for constructing such representations. ...

Source: ma.gnolia.com --- 13 hours ago
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Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 1 hour ago
Chris Fry, MD, Committee Chair PARIS, FRANCE (UroToday.com) - Dr. Fry began the second presentation by noting the rapid advances in our understanding of the role of the urothelium and suburothelium in bladder function and symptomatology since the last consultation. This committee addressed 8 separate areas in their report. Dr. ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 5 hours ago
Social information, or information from the behavior of others, may be commonly used to improve estimates of resource quality. We exposed female cactus bugs (Chelinidea vittiger) to different types of social information, presented at different times, to examine theoretical predictions regarding the influence of social information on offspring production. We found that females laid more eggs when other females' offspring were present. ...

Source: www.arnnet.com.au --- 6 hours ago
Technology and Biology intersected at the recent Hackers on Planet Earth or HOPE conference in New York City. ...

Source: www.emaxhealth.com --- 14 hours ago
A new computer language for modeling biological phenomenon can “think” like cells and molecular mechanisms think, thereby simulating the dynamics of biological phenomenon. Through incorporating basic principles of engineering, the new language, called Little b, surpasses current biological modeling software in that it goes beyond simply representing biological information. It allows biologists to create programs that can reason about biological knowledge and thereby help overcome the barrier of complexity. read more ...

Source: www.scienceblogs.com --- 6 hours ago
Sandman has a post up, Can There Be A Synthesis Between Cultural And Biological Evolution? , taking off on the PLoS Biology article, Across the Curious Parallel of Language and Species Evolution . Read both. I would add one important point though: linguistic and biological evolution are simply subsets of evolutionary dynamics. That is why Martin Nowak's book of that name, Evolutionary Dynamics , naturally has a section on the evolution of language. Several evolutionarily oriented thinkers have attempted to translate models originally developed for Biology into the domain of culture. Cultural Transmission and Evolution and Culture and the Evolutionary Process are two works which I think are good introductions to the field. Read the rest of this post... | Read the comments on this post... ...

Source: www.popserious.com --- 9 hours ago
You know, I never really paid attention in Biology, but one thing I loved were those gene charts—punnet squares, if I remember correctly (See, Mom and Dad? High school paid off!)—that you could use to determine what genes would whup what other genes’ asses in a cross-breeding situation. That is, I believe, the official definition. Anyway, [...] ...

Source: beasiswa.blogs.ie --- 15 hours ago
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Source: barf.jcowboy.org --- 10 hours ago
Publication Date: 2008 PMID: 18628745 Authors: Martin, F. P. - Wang, Y. - Sprenger, N. - Yap, I. K. - Rezzi, S. - Ramadan, Z. - Pere-Trepat, E. - Rochat, F. - Cherbut, C. - van Bladeren, P. - Fay, L. B. - Kochhar, S. - Lindon, J. C. - Holmes, E. - Nicholson, J. K. Journal: Mol Syst Biol Gut microbiome-host metabolic interactions affect human health and can be modified by probiotic and prebiotic supplementation. Here, we have assessed the effects of consumption of a combination of probiotics (Lactobacillus paracasei or L. rhamnosus) and two galactosyl-oligosaccharide prebiotics on the symbiotic microbiome-mammalian supersystem using integrative metabolic profiling and modeling of multiple compartments in germ-free mice inoculated with a model of human baby microbiota. We have shown specific impacts of two prebiotics on the microbial populations of HBM mice when co-administered with two probiotics. We observed an increase in the populations of Bifidobacterium longum and B. breve, and a reduction in Clostridium perfringens, which were more marked when combining prebiotics with L. rhamnosus. In turn, these microbial effects were associated with modulation of a range of host metabolic pathways observed via changes in lipid profiles, gluconeogenesis, and amino-acid and methylamine metabolism associated to fermentation of carbohydrates by different bacterial strains. These results provide evidence for the potential use of prebiotics for bene ...

Source: www.mailund.dk --- 23 hours ago
According to this press release, some people at Harvard Medical School have developed a new programming language for biological modelling. I guess protein modelling from the description, but I could be wrong. “Through incorporating principles of engineering, we’ve developed a language that can describe Biology in the same way a biologist would,” says Jeremy Gunawardena, director [...] ...

Source: www.guardian.co.uk --- 6 minutes ago
Jacques Cousteau was a pioneer in the study of marine Biology, but new research shows the ocean life he explored could be dead within a few years, says Tim Radford ...

Source: education.guardian.co.uk --- 11 hours ago
A high court ruling that banned a "suspected terrorist" from studying chemistry and Biology at AS-level has drawn fire from leading chemists ...

Source: www.valuemd.com --- 1 day ago
ok so I am double majoring in Biology and history (so far). i have completed all but 5 bio classes and I could get my bio degree in may of 09. my gpa till now is 2.889. MCAT=28. should i go through with the double major (adds an entire year to undergrad) or go ahead and apply to SMU in 2009? (i... ...

Source: www2.warwick.ac.uk --- 1 day ago
In a study published in PLoS Computational Biology, entitled "Emergent synchronous bursting of oxytocin neuronal network", Enrico Rossoni and Jianfeng Feng have found a likely answer to one the major outstanding problems in neuroendocrinology – the field which seeks to understand how hormone release is regulated by the brain. This paper has been featured by PLoS journal series with a press release. More information can be found at:  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/7513267.stm       ...