Antioxidant

Source: www.alibaba.com --- 23 days ago
Name: Antioxidant 168 Molecular weight: 646 ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles [The activity of gas metabolism, thermoregulation, and Antioxidant enzymes in aging C57Bl/6 mice] Fiziol Zh. 2008;54(2):75-81 Authors: Utko NO, Pishel' IM, Bezrukov VV, Muradian KhK The distribution type and correlative links between physiological and biochemical indices characterizing functional condition of the systems of gaseous exchange (V(O2) and V(CO2)), thermoregulation (body temperature and coefficient of thermoconductivity) and Antioxidant defense have been studied in 62 young (3-5 mo.) and 58 old (23-26 mo.) male C57Bl/ 6 mice. The coefficients of variation differed significantly depending on the variable but not the age-group. Mean values of V(O2) and V(CO2), body temperature and thermoconductivity, but not activities of the Antioxidant enzymes, declined in aging. Moreover, the activities of catalase, glutathione-peroxidase and glutathionereductase, i.e. enzymes involved in regulation of hydrogen peroxide level, increased in aging. The correlations between V(O2) and V(CO2), V(O2) and body temperature or V(O2) and the liver pH, as well as between the Antioxidant enzyme activities exhibited little age-changes. However, three-dimensional non-linear models revealed significant age-changes in relations between the studied variables. PMID: 18589690 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 19 days ago
Related Articles Highlight Commentary on "Influence of lung oxidant and Antioxidant status on alveolarization: Role of light-exposed total parenteral nutrition" Free Radic Biol Med. 2008 May 28; Authors: Brown LA, Gauthier TW Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a frequent complication of premature newborns, particularly very low birth-weight babies (<1500 g). Undoubtedly multiple mechanisms contribute to the adverse outcomes associated with BPD but oxidative stress is one causative factor. In this issue of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Lavoie et al. describe the increased peroxide generation when the multivitamin solution used for nutritional support, total parenteral nutrition (TPN), is exposed to ambient light. Because the premature newborn has limited Antioxidant capacity, this increased oxidative burden from the TPN becomes increasingly significant. Infusion of this light-exposed solution in a newborn guinea pig decreased lung tissue vitamin C but not vitamin E. When the multivitamin and lipid solutions were mixed and then exposed to light, alveolarization of the developing lung was decreased. This study by Lavoie et al. highlights simple measures that can potentially decrease the oxidant burden delivered to this vulnerable population and improve alveolarization. PMID: 18598754 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 12 days ago
Related Articles Molecular mechanisms of Nrf2-mediated Antioxidant response. Mol Carcinog. 2008 Jul 10; Authors: Li W, Kong AN Nrf2 is the key transcription factor regulating the Antioxidant response. Nrf2 signaling is repressed by Keap1 at basal condition and induced by oxidative stress. Keap1 is recently identified as a Cullin 3-dependent substrate adaptor protein. A two-sites binding "hinge & latch" model vividly depicts how Keap1 can efficiently present Nrf2 as substrate for ubiquitination. Oxidative perturbation can impede Keap1-mediated Nrf2 ubiquitination but fail to disrupt Nrf2/Keap1 binding. Nrf2 per se is a redox-sensitive transcription factor. A new Nrf2-mediated redox signaling model is proposed based on these new discoveries. Free floating Nrf2 protein functions as a redox-sensitive probe. Keap1 instead functions as a gate keeper to control the availability of Nrf2 probes and thus regulates the overall sensitivity of the redox signaling. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID: 18618599 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Effect of one-year oral alpha-tocopherol administration on the Antioxidant defense system in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial. 2008 Jun;12(3):237-42 Authors: Antoniadi G, Eleftheriadis T, Liakopoulos V, Kakasi E, Kartsios C, Passadakis P, Vargemezis V Oxidative stress is increased in hemodialysis (HD) patients and contributes to the increased morbidity and mortality in this population. Vitamin E is an Antioxidant agent. In the present study the effect of prolonged oral alpha-tocopherol administration on the Antioxidant defense system was evaluated. The Antioxidant factors plasma total Antioxidant status (TAS), red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity were evaluated with spectrometry in 27 HD patients. Measurements were performed before and after oral administration of alpha-tocopherol at a dose of 500 mg/d for a one-year period. Twenty HD patients received a placebo and 22 healthy volunteers served as controls. TAS was increased in HD patients. No difference was detected in SOD and GPX activity between HD patients and healthy volunteers. Tocopherol administration induced a significant decrease in TAS and SOD activity. Levels of GPX activity remained unaffected. All the evaluated factors remained stable in the HD patients receiving a placebo. Prolonged oral alpha-tocopherol administration in HD patients induces a decrease in some components of the Antioxidant def ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Exercise training improves the Antioxidant enzyme activity with no changes of telomere length. Mech Ageing Dev. 2008 May;129(5):254-60 Authors: Shin YA, Lee JH, Song W, Jun TW The purpose of this study was to determine the changes of both oxidant and Antioxidant levels with exercise training in obese middle-aged women. The association between telomere length and oxidative stress with exercise was also examined. Sixteen obese middle-aged women participated in this study. The subjects were randomly divided into exercise group (EX) and control group (CON). EX performed aerobic exercise training for 6 months. DNA was extracted from leukocytes in peripheral blood and their telomere lengths were measured by real time PCR analysis. Long-term exercise training decreased body weight and BMI, and increased VO2 max. Resting levels of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity were higher in EX compared to CON. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were higher after the acute exercise test at mid-intensity in post-exercise training than in the pre-exercise training conditions. The telomere length did not change significantly after the acute exercise test in the pre-exercise training condition in spite of the increased level of malondialdehyde (MDA) as a marker of oxidative stress. In conclusion, Antioxidant enzyme activities were increased following long-term exercise training; however, the lengths of telomere in leukocytes were ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 21 days ago
Related Articles Zinc, metallothioneins, longevity: effect of zinc supplementation on Antioxidant response: a Zincage study. Rejuvenation Res. 2008 Apr;11(2):419-23 Authors: Mocchegiani E, Aging is characterized by spontaneous biochemical changes that may predispose to increased susceptibility to diseases. Zinc may remodel these changes leading to healthy aging because zinc improves Antioxidant defense via CLU protein and genomic stability via PARP-1 nuclear enzyme and repairs oxidized proteins via Msr A protein. The intracellular zinc homeostasis is regulated by metallothioneins (MT), which are unable in zinc release in aging, causing impaired Antioxidant response restored by zinc supplementation. Here, the choice of old subjects for zinc supplementation is discussed in relation to their genetic background of MT and IL-6, because both affect intracellular zinc homeostasis. PMID: 18442325 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Protective effect of erythropoietin on beta-amyloid-induced PC12 cell death through Antioxidant mechanisms. Neurosci Lett. 2008 Jul 10; Authors: Ma R, Li G, Huang C, Tang Q, Fu Q, Liu H, Hu B, Xiang J Erythropoietin (EPO), a haematopoietic growth factor has been reported to display neuroprotective properties in different animal models. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of EPO on Abeta(25-35)-induced neuronal toxicity and its potential mechanisms in PC12 cells. Abeta(25-35) significantly reduced cell viability and increased the number of apoptotic-like cells. In addition, increased ROS production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential were also found after Abeta(25-35) exposure. All of these phenotypes induced by Abeta(25-35) were markedly reversed by EPO. Pretreatment with EPO prior to Abeta(25-35) exposure significantly elevated cell viability, reduced Abeta(25-35)-induced apoptosis, decreased ROS production, and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, EPO also attenuated the downstream cascade following ROS, including Bcl-2/Bax, and caspase-3 activation. Our results suggest that EPO holds potential for neuroprotection and therefore, may be promising for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. PMID: 18634846 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 22 days ago
Related Articles Enhancement of Antioxidant Defense System by Epigallocatechin-3-gallate during Bleomycin Induced Experimental Pulmonary Fibrosis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008 Jul;31(7):1306-11 Authors: Sriram N, Kalayarasan S, Sudhandiran G Oxidative stress resulting from an imbalance between radical-generating and radical scavenging systems plays an important role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a polyphenol and a major component of green tea, possess a potent Antioxidant property. This study was designed to evaluate the potential antioxidative activity of EGCG in the plasma and lungs during bleomycin induced experimental pulmonary fibrosis. Intratracheal administration of bleomycin (6.5 U/kg body weight) to rats resulted in significant reduction of body weight, enzymic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymic antioxidants (reduced glutathione, vitamin C, vitamin E and vitamin A). Elevations in lung W/D (wet weight/dry weight) ratio, hydroxyproline content was observed with a synchronized increase in lipid peroxidation markers (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides). Intraperitoneal administration of EGCG at a dose of 20 mg/kg body weight significantly improved the body weight, enzymic and non enzymic antioxidants and considerably decreased the W/D ratio, hydroxyproline and lipid peroxidation marker levels ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation in the blood of breast cancer patients of different ages. Cell Biochem Funct. 2008 Jul 17; Authors: Kasapović J, Pejić S, Todorović A, Stojiljković V, Pajović SB Oxidative stress is considered to be implicated in the pathophysiology of breast cancers. In this study we investigated the level of oxidative stress and Antioxidant (AO) status in the blood of breast cancer patients of different ages. The level of lipid hydroperoxides (LP) was measured in blood plasma and the activities of copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes, as well as the level of total glutathione (GSH) and CuZnSOD protein were measured in blood cells of breast cancer patients and age-matched healthy subjects. Our results showed that breast carcinoma is related to increase of lipid peroxidation in plasma with concomitant decrease of AO defense capacity in blood cells, which becomes more pronounced during aging of the patients. Suppression of CuZnSOD activity related to breast cancer is most likely caused by decreased de novo synthesis of this enzyme. Similar patterns of suppression in CuZnSOD and CAT activities related to aging were recorded both in controls and patients. Age-related decrease in CuZnSOD activity seems not to be caused by altered protein levels of this enzyme. Suppression of AO enzymes associated with breast cancer and agin ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Maternal diet influences DNA damage, aortic telomere length, oxidative stress, and Antioxidant defense capacity in rats. FASEB J. 2008 Jun;22(6):2037-44 Authors: Tarry-Adkins JL, Martin-Gronert MS, Chen JH, Cripps RL, Ozanne SE Low birth weight is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) in humans. Detrimental effects of low birth weight are amplified by rapid catch-up growth. Conversely, slow growth during lactation reduces CVD risk. Gestational protein restriction causes low birth weight, vascular dysfunction, and accelerated aging in rats. Atherosclerotic aortic tissue has shortened telomeres, and oxidative stress accelerates telomere shortening through generation of DNA single-strand breaks (ssbs). This study tested the hypothesis that maternal diet influences aortic telomere length through changes in DNA ssbs, Antioxidant capacity, and oxidative stress. We used our models of gestational protein restriction followed by rapid catch-up growth (the recuperated group) and protein restriction during lactation (the postnatal low-protein [PLP] group). Southern blotting revealed fewer aortic DNA ssbs and subsequently fewer short telomeres (P<0.05) in the PLP group. This result was associated with reduced (P<0.01) 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, a marker of oxidative stress. PLP animals expressed increased (P<0.01) manganese superoxide-dismutase, copper-zinc superoxide-dismutase, catalase, and glutathione-reducta ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 24 days ago
Related Articles [Alpha-tocopherol and alpha-lipoic acid. An Antioxidant synergy with potential for preventive medicine] Rev Invest Clin. 2008 Jan-Feb;60(1):58-67 Authors: González-Pérez O, Moy-López NA, Guzmán-Muñiz J Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been involved in the induction and progression of damage of many human disorders, such as: heart infarction, cerebral ischemia, diabetic neuropathy, Alzheimer's disease, etc. In several studies, the synergism between alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E has been described and potent Antioxidant effects can be obtained when both antioxidants are simultaneously used. This review highlights recent findings showing that the combination of alpha-lipoic acid plus vitamin E effectively reduces oxidative damage in brain and cardiac ischemia as well as in other pathological events related to ROS increasing. These antioxidants are present in a broad variety of foods, are also available in several dietary supplements and their side effects are very rare. Therefore, alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E may play an important role in clinical preventive medicine and human nutrition. PMID: 18589588 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Muscle disuse: adaptation of Antioxidant systems is age dependent. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2008 May;63(5):461-6 Authors: Chen CN, Brown-Borg HM, Rakoczy SG, Thompson LV This study investigated the age effect on Antioxidant adaptation to muscle disuse. Adult and old rats were randomized into 4 groups: weight bearing (control), 3 days of hind-limb unloading (HU), 7 days of HU, and 14 days of HU. Activities of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione (GSH), as well as GSH peroxidase levels were measured in the soleus. Neither disuse nor aging changed the activity of Cu-Zn SOD. The old rats had greater GSH peroxidase activity, whereas the activity of catalase had a compensatory increase with disuse, independent of age. Reduced GSH level and total glutathione (tGSH) level had age-related change with disuse. In old rats, the GSH and tGSH levels were lower with disuse, whereas the levels remained stable with disuse in adult rats. The depletion of intracellular GSH and tGSH levels of muscles from aged animals with disuse may make aged muscles more susceptible to oxidative damage. PMID: 18511748 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 8 hours ago
Related Articles Effect of the cryopreservation process on the activity and immunolocalization of Antioxidant enzymes in ram spermatozoa. J Androl. 2008 Jul-Aug;29(4):459-67 Authors: Marti E, Marti JI, Muiño-Blanco T, Cebrián-Pérez JA In this study, certain enzymes in ram semen involved in reactive oxygen species elimination and their changes during the cryopreservation process were characterized in order to investigate the hypothesis that the Antioxidant defense system is involved in the maintenance of frozen sperm quality. Glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were quantified in ram sperm samples subjected to cooling and freezing/thawing processes. In addition, their distribution on the sperm surface and the changes due to cryoinjury were determined by indirect immunofluorescence. SOD showed the highest Antioxidant activity, which was also twice as high in fresh and cooled samples as in frozen/thawed ones. Enzymatic activity of GPx and GR showed no significant change throughout the freezing process. Seminal plasma proteins (SPPs) added alone or with other compounds showed a protective effect and accounted for an increase in the sperm quality parameters and enzyme activity levels not only in the fresh sample but also after cooling and freezing/thawing. These Antioxidant enzymes were distributed over several sperm regions, and we were able to define several subpopulations a ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 5 days ago
Antioxidant and Chemopreventive Properties of Polyphenolic Compounds Derived from Greek Legume Plant Extracts. J Agric Food Chem. 2008 Jul 16; Authors: Spanou C, Bourou G, Dervishi A, Aligiannis N, Angelis A, Komiotis D, Skaltsounis AL, Kouretas D Recently, phytochemical compounds present in legumes have gained a lot of interest because they are considered to be possible chemopreventive agents. In the present study, 14 polyphenolic compounds were extracted and identified from two unique varieties of Leguminosae family plants cultivated in Greece and screened for their Antioxidant and chemopreventive properties. Ten polyphenolic fractions, which are mainly mixtures of two compounds and five pure flavonoids, were isolated from the methanolic extracts of aerial plant parts of Vicia faba and Lotus edulis (Leguminosae), respectively. All of these fractions exhibited significant DPPH (*) radical scavenging capacity. Furthermore, they exerted significant protective activity against free radical-induced DNA damage. This activity was more potent against ROO (*) radical-induced DNA damage than against that induced by OH (*) radicals. Finally, they exhibited significant ability to inhibit the activity of the topoisomerase I enzyme. These results imply that the polyphenolic compounds identified in the fractions were responsible of the observed properties of the fractions and the initial extracts and indicate different mechanisms by which these ph ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 19 days ago
Related Articles The role of Antioxidant vitamins in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. J Perinat Med. 2008 Jul;36(4):282-290 Authors: Kontic-Vucinic O, Terzic M, Radunovic N Abstract Preeclampsia (PE) is an important and a leading cause of both maternal morbidity and adverse perinatal outcomes. Despite progress in perinatal medicine for patients with an established diagnosis of PE, a therapeutic approach other than termination of pregnancy was unsuccessful. Women predisposed to PE begin pregnancy with a certain degree of endothelial dysfunction, a lesion that precedes shallow placentation. The proposed sequence of events comprises endothelial dysfunction, defective trophoblast invasion, and consequential impaired placental perfusion, immune maladaptation and inflammation. The possible link between these could be oxidative stress by excessive production of reactive oxygen species coupled with inadequate or overwhelmed Antioxidant defense mechanisms. These defense mechanisms, involving Antioxidant vitamins and enzyme systems, may restrain the extent of damage caused by oxidative stress. Markers of oxidative stress in women with established PE were confirmed. Accordingly, these findings support an expected beneficial effect of Antioxidant therapy in the prevention of PE and other pregnancy-related disorders. Numerous studies have been carried out in order to investigate this possible and simple prophylactic and/or therapeutic approach ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 19 days ago
Related Articles Curcumin or Saikosaponin a Improves Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Protects Against CCl(4)-Induced Liver Injury in Rats. J Med Food. 2008 Jun;11(2):224-229 Authors: Wu SJ, Lin YH, Chu CC, Tsai YH, Chao JC ABSTRACT Curcumin and saikosaponin a, the bioactive phytochemicals of turmeric and Bupleurum, act as antioxidants. This study investigated the effects of supplementation with curcumin and/or saikosaponin a on hepatic lipids and Antioxidant status in rats with CCl(4)-induced liver injury. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, CCl(4), CCl(4) + curcumin (0.005%; CU), CCl(4) + saikosaponin a (0.004%; SS), and CCl(4) + curcumin + saikosaponin a (0.005% + 0.004%; CU+SS) groups. CCl(4) (40% in olive oil) was injected intraperitoneally at a dose of 0.75 mL/kg once a week. Curcumin and/or saikosaponin a was administered orally 1 week before CCl(4) injection for 8 weeks. The pathological results showed that liver fibrosis was ameliorated in the SS and CU+SS groups. After 8 weeks, supplementation with curcumin and/or saikosaponin a significantly decreased plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, as well as plasma and hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride levels. The CU+SS group showed reversal of the impaired hepatic superoxide dismutase activity and an increase in total glutathione level. Supplementation with curcumin and/or saikosaponin a significantly improved hepatic ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 19 days ago
Related Articles Saengshik, a Formulated Health Food, Prevents Liver Damage in CCl(4)-Induced Mice and Increases Antioxidant Activity in Elderly Women. J Med Food. 2008 Jun;11(2):323-330 Authors: Kim HY, Kim JH, Lee SA, Chang HE, Park MH, Hwang SJ, Lee JY, Mok C, Hong SG ABSTRACT Saengshik is a Korean noncooked food made with of more than 30 different whole gains, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, and seaweeds. All of these ingredients are frozen and dried to minimize the loss of nutrients. Saengshik has become popular among health-conscious people in the Republic of Korea. The study aims to investigate Antioxidant effects of Saengshik by in vivo and human experiments. In in vivo tests, mice were fed Saengshik for 4 weeks, and oxidative damage was induced by CCl(4). Then the effects of Saengshik on oxidative damage were examined. It was found that plasma lipid hydroperoxide and protein oxidative damages were significantly suppressed and antioxidants, glutathione, and thiol groups were increased. The activity of the Antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was increased, and the level of glutamate pyruvate transaminase was decreased. In a human study, elderly people were given Saengshik for 24 weeks, and changes in Antioxidant defense of the body were examined. Antioxidant activities in plasma were enhanced, although the difference was not significant. Therefore, it is expected that Saengshik is effective at removing oxidants from body tiss ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Antioxidant plasma concentration and supplementation in carotid intima media thickness. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2008 Jun;6(5):723-9 Authors: Riccioni G, Bazzano LA Cerebrovascular diseases represent a major problem in Western countries. Oxidative stress, an important condition of increased amounts of reactive oxygen species, is now recognized to be a prominent feature of many acute and chronic diseases, and even of the normal aging process. Carotid intima media thickness is an important marker of atherosclerosis that correlates with established coronary heart disease. Changes in carotid intima media thickness, measured by B-mode high-resolution carotid ultrasonography, represent an important and early step in carotid plaque formation and progression and are the most common currently used marker to evaluate the progression of atherosclerotic processes. Several therapeutic strategies have been adopted to slow the early atherosclerotic process in asymptomatic subjects in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. An additional step to slow the atherosclerotic process may include interventions to decrease newly emerging coronary risk factors, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. Consuming a diet rich in fruits and vegetables will provide Antioxidant vitamins, and carotenoids, which are believed to inhibit tissue damage derived from oxidative processes and may slow the progression of early atherosclerosis ...

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Reverted edits by 58.211.254.67 ( Talk ); changed back to last version by Daniel Berwick ←Older revision Revision as of 09:04, 14 July 2008 Line 10: Line 10: