Antibodies

Source: au.rd.yahoo.com --- 20 days ago
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Antibodies from survivors of the 1918 flu pandemic, the worst in human memory, still protect against the highly deadly virus, researchers reported on Sunday. ...

Source: biotech.about.com --- 32 days ago
Antibody therapy is a promising treatment approach for a number of types of cancer. Some cancer cells have been found to overexpress certain cell signaling proteins, leading to changes in... ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 4 days ago
Related Articles Japanese encephalitis protein vaccine candidates expressing neutralizing epitope and M.T hsp70 induce virus-specific memory B cells and long-lasting Antibodies in swine. Vaccine. 2008 Aug 28; Authors: Fei-Fei G, Jian W, Feng XV, Li-Ping S, Quan-Yun S, Jin-Ping Z, Pu-Yan C, Pei-Hong L Swine are an important amplifier of Japanese encephalitis (JE) virus in the paradomestic environment. In this study, two JE protein vaccine candidates were evaluated for immunogenicity in swine. Both vaccine plasmids are based on a prokaryotic vector pET-32a(+). One plasmid, designated pET-32a(+)-epitope, encode a cassette consisting of a neutralizing epitope on envelope (E) protein of JE virus, whereas the other plasmid, designated pET-32a(+)-epitope-hsp70, express the fusion protein of the epitope and M.T hsp70. Some differences were detected in the immunogenicity of these two proteins in swine. Swine immunized twice with 2000pmol of the neutralizing epitope or the fusion protein developed neutralizing antibody titers of respectively, 154 and 300, and anti-neutralizing epitope antibody titers of 10(4.25) and 10(6.0) by 3 weeks after the second immunization. In addition, swine immunized with the neutralizing epitope emulsified with adjuvant S206 or with imported mineral oil and Tween-80 induced neutralizing antibody titers of 196 and 244, and anti-neutralizing epitope antibody titers of 10(5.25) or 10(5.6) at the same time point. However, ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Vaccination of mice with a Yop translocon complex elicits Antibodies that are protective against infection with F1- Yersinia pestis. Infect Immun. 2008 Sep 2; Authors: Ivanov MI, Noel BL, Rampersaud R, Mena P, Benach JL, Bliska JB Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, secretes several proteins important for pathogenesis or host protection. The F1 protein forms a capsule on the bacterial cell surface, and is a well characterized protective antigen, but is not essential for virulence. A type III secretion system that is essential for virulence exports Yop proteins, which function as anti-phagocytic or anti-inflammatory factors. Yop effectors (e.g. YopE) are delivered across the host cell plasma membrane by a translocon, composed of YopB and YopD. Complexes of YopB, YopD and YopE (BDE) secreted by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis were purified by affinity chromatography and used as immunogens to determine if Antibodies to the translocon could provide protection against Y. pestis in mice. Mice vaccinated with BDE generated high-titer IgG Antibodies specific for BDE, as shown by ELISA and immunoblotting, and were protected against lethal intravenous challenge with F1(-) but not F1(+) Y. pestis. Mice passively immunized with anti-BDE serum were protected from lethal challenge with F1(-)Y. pestis. The YopB protein (B) or a complex of YopB and YopD (BD) were purified and determined by vaccination to be immunogenic in mice ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles Association between the development of the body axis and the craniofacial skeleton studied by immunohistochemical analyses using collagen II, Pax9, Pax1, and Noggin Antibodies. Spine. 2008 Jul 1;33(15):1622-6 Authors: Sonnesen L, Nolting D, Kjaer KW, Kjaer I STUDY DESIGN: Immunohistochemical analyses on the axial skeleton from wild type mice. OBJECTIVE: In the clinic, we have previously observed cervical spine defects associated with deviations in the posterior part of the occipital bone and with morphologic and functional variations in the craniofacial skeleton. As examples, cervical spine fusions occurred frequently in patients with mandibular overjet and even more frequently and more caudally in the cervical spine in patients with sleep apnoea. The aims of the present study were to elucidate this association between the spine and the cranium by comparing gene expression domains of important developmental genes known to be involved in vertebral column formation with gene expression in the craniofacial region. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: This is the first study looking specifically on gene expression in the basilar part of the occipital bone that is formed around the cranial part of the notochord, thus connecting the spine and the craniofacial skeleton. METHODS: The material consisted of 4 mouse embryos p.c. day 13.5, NMRI wild-type mice, from the same litter. The body axis, the cranial base, and the craniofacial area ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 17 hours ago
Chapter 1 immune regulation by B cells and Antibodies a view towards the clinic. Adv Immunol. 2008;98:1-38 Authors: Hoehlig K, Lampropoulou V, Roch T, Neves P, Calderon-Gomez E, Anderton SM, Steinhoff U, Fillatreau S B lymphocytes contribute to immunity in multiple ways, including production of Antibodies, presentation of antigen to T cells, organogenesis of secondary lymphoid organs, and secretion of cytokines. Recent clinical trials have shown that depleting B cells can be highly beneficial for patients with autoimmune diseases, implicating B cells and Antibodies as key drivers of pathology. However, it should be kept in mind that B cell responses and Antibodies also have important regulatory roles in limiting autoimmune pathology. Here, we analyze clinical examples illustrating the potential of Antibodies as treatment for immune-mediated disorders and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, we examine the regulatory functions of activated B cells, their involvement in the termination of some experimental autoimmune diseases, and their use in cell-based therapy for such pathologies. These suppressive functions of B cells and Antibodies do not only open new ways for harnessing autoimmune illnesses, but they also should be taken into account when designing new strategies for vaccination against microbes and tumors. PMID: 18772002 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 1 day ago
Related Articles A Novel Role for Non-Neutralizing Antibodies against Nucleoprotein in Facilitating Resistance to Influenza Virus. J Immunol. 2008 Sep 15;181(6):4168-76 Authors: Carragher DM, Kaminski DA, Moquin A, Hartson L, Randall TD Current influenza vaccines elicit Abs to the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase envelope proteins. Due to antigenic drift, these vaccines must be reformulated annually to include the envelope proteins predicted to dominate in the following season. By contrast, vaccination with the conserved nucleoprotein (NP) elicits immunity against multiple serotypes (heterosubtypic immunity). NP vaccination is generally thought to convey protection primarily via CD8 effector mechanisms. However, significant titers of anti-NP Abs are also induced, yet the involvement of Abs in protection has largely been disregarded. To investigate how Ab responses might contribute to heterosubtypic immunity, we vaccinated C57BL/6 mice with soluble rNP. This approach induced high titers of NP-specific serum Ab, but only poorly detectable NP-specific T cell responses. Nevertheless, rNP immunization significantly reduced morbidity and viral titers after influenza challenge. Importantly, Ab-deficient mice were not protected by this vaccination strategy. Furthermore, rNP-immune serum could transfer protection to naive hosts in an Ab-dependent manner. Therefore, Ab to conserved, internal viral proteins, such as NP, provides an unexpected, yet ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 2 days ago
Related Articles Detection of borreliacidal Antibodies by flow cytometry. Curr Protoc Cytom. 2004 Nov;Chapter 11:Unit11.5 Authors: Callister SM, Jobe DA, Schell RF Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder that usually begins with a skin lesion called erythema migrans and with constitutional symptoms. If the disease is left untreated or treated inappropriately, dissemination of the organism can lead to more severe sequelae, including nervous system disorders or arthritis. Vaccinations with B. burgdorferi or several individual B. burgdorferi proteins induce borreliacidal Antibodies that provide protection against infection by inducing a complement cascade that kills the spirochetes without the necessity of scavenging by phagocytic cells. Detection of borreliacidal Antibodies is therefore useful for serodiagnosing Lyme disease and monitoring immune status after vaccination. This unit provides a technique for detecting anti-B. burgdorferi Antibodies, as well as for preparing and determining the quality of Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly (BSK medium) and complement. In addition, methods are provided for preparation of a B. burgdorferi stock and Mueller-Hinton agar containing Bacillus subtilis spores. PMID: 18770791 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.reuters.com --- 20 days ago
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Antibodies from survivors of the 1918 flu pandemic, the worst in human memory, still protect against the highly deadly virus, researchers reported on Sunday. ...

Source: www.washingtonpost.com --- 30 days ago
Some long-term survivors of HIV infection produce rare and extremely potent Antibodies that keep the disease from progressing to AIDS, and might point to a way to protect uninfected people from the virus, researchers reported yesterday in the closing hours of the 17th International AIDS Conferenc... ...

Source: www.abc.net.au --- 20 days ago
Antibodies from survivors of the 1918 flu pandemic, the worst in human memory, still protect against the highly deadly virus, researchers report. ...

Source: www.medicalnewstoday.com --- 20 days ago
Scientists in the US recovered Antibodies to the 1918 flu virus from elderly survivors of the pandemic, used them to create cell lines of monoclonal Antibodies and then showed they were still potent by injecting them into infected mice that survived, whereas the controls did not. ...

Source: www.sciam.com --- 19 days ago
[The following is an exact transcript of this podcast.]  Some people never forget a face. Others never forget a flu. Even if they were infected more than 90 years ago. A team of American scientists studied 32 people who survived the 1918 flu epidemic. That virus, also called the Spanish flu, killed an estimated 20 to 100 million people worldwide. [More] ...

Source: www.eurekalert.org --- 20 days ago
Ninety years after the sweeping destruction of the 1918 flu pandemic, researchers at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt have recovered Antibodies to the virus -- from elderly survivors of the original outbreak. In addition to revealing the surprisingly long-lasting immunity to such viruses, these Antibodies could be effective treatments to have on hand if another virus similar to the 1918 flu breaks out in the future. ...

Source: www.kentucky.com --- 20 days ago
WASHINGTON — Nearly a century after history's most lethal flu faded away, survivors' bloodstreams still carry super-potent protection against the 1918 virus, demonstrating the remarkable durability of the human immune system. Scientists tested the blood of 32 people aged 92 to 102 who were exposed to the 1918 pandemic flu and found Antibodies that still roam the body looking to strangle the old flu strain. Researchers manipulated those Antibodies into a vaccine and found that it kept alive all the mice they had injected with the killer flu, according to a study published online Sunday in the journal Nature. There's no pressing need for a 1918 flu vaccine because the virus has long since mutated out of its deadly form and is extremely unlikely to be a threat anymore, experts said. What's more important in this research, they said, is that it confirms theories that our immune system has a steel-trap memory. ”It's incredible. The Lord has blessed us with Antibodies our whole lifetime,“ said study co-author Dr. Eric Altschuler at the University of Medicine and Dentistry in New Jersey. ”What doesn't kill you, makes you stronger.“ ...

Source: digg.com --- 20 days ago
The influenza pandemic of 1918 killed nearly 50 million people worldwide, many of whom were young, healthy adults. The Antibodies were recovered from elderly survivors who still have immunity to the killer flu today. ...

Source: www.theeagle.com --- 19 days ago
Nearly a century after history's most lethal flu faded away, survivors' bloodstreams still carry super-potent protection against the 1918 virus, demon ... ...

Source: scienceblogs.com --- 19 days ago
News reports that nonagenarians had robust Antibodies against the 1918 flu strain were intriguing on several levels but I wasn't sure how many doors were still open to these being Antibodies that developed in the years after 1918. After all, the 1918 subtype was H1N1 which circulated freely until the 1950s when it was displaced by the next pandemic strain, H2N2. H2N2 in turn was pushed aside by H3N2 in 1968. Then H1N1 returned in 1977 (some say it escaped from a Russian laboratory) and since then H3N2 and H1N1 have been co-circulating. Some years are predominantly H1N1, some predominantly H3N2, with H3N2 years tending to be more severe flu seasons. How do we know the people studied in the new paper didn't get their Antibodies well after 1918? So I took a look at the paper, just published in Nature , and it answered my questions and then some. It is fascinating work on many levels. What's it about? Read the rest of this post... | Read the comments on this post... ...

Source: www.javno.com --- 21 days ago
`The Antibodies that we isolated are remarkable Antibodies. They grab onto the virus very tightly and they virtually never fall off.` ...

Source: www.emaxhealth.com --- 29 days ago
Antibodies that prevent some HIV -positive people from progressing to AIDS could be used to develop microbicides or a vaccine to prevent HIV-negative people from contracting the virus, according to research presented Thursday at the XVII International AIDS Conference in Mexico City, the Washington Post reports. read more ...