Antibacterial

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 13 days ago
Related Articles Antibacterial Activities of Naturally-Occurring Compounds against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008 Aug 1; Authors: Wong SY, Grant IR, Friedman M, Elliott CT, Situ C Antibacterial activities of 18 naturally-occurring compounds (including essential oils and some of their isolated constituents, apple and green tea polyphenols and other plant extracts) against three strains of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map), a bovine isolate NCTC 8578, a raw milk isolate 806R and a human isolate ATCC 43015, were evaluated using a macrobroth susceptibility testing method. Map was grown in 4 ml Middlebrook 7H9 broth containing 10% OADC, 0.05% Tween 80 (or 0.2% glycerol) and 2 microg/ml mycobactin J supplemented with five concentrations of each test compound. The changes in optical density (OD) of the cultures at 600 nm as a measure of CFUs was recorded at intervals over an incubation period of 42 days at 37 degrees C. Six of the compounds were found to inhibit the growth of Map. The most effective compound was trans-cinnamaldehyde with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25.9 microg/ml, then cinnamon oil (26.2 microg/ml), oregano (68.2 microg/ml), carvacrol (72.2 microg/ml), 2,5-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (74 microg/ml), and 2-hydroxy-5-methoxybenzaldehyde (90.4 microg/ml). With the exception of carvacrol, a phenolic compound, three of the four most active compounds are a ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 7 days ago
Related Articles Antifungal mechanism of Antibacterial peptide, ABP-CM4, from Bombyx mori against Aspergillus niger. Biotechnol Lett. 2008 Aug 12; Authors: Zhang J, Wu X, Zhang SQ Antibacterial peptide, CM4 (ABP-CM4), a 35 amino acid peptide from Chinese silkworm-Bombyx mori, displayed a strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma viride and Gibberella saubinetii. Scanning electron microcopy showed that the morphology of conidia became more irregular and swelled when treated with ABP-CM4 at its minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 8 muM. A cell wall regeneration assay indicated that the plasma membrane was the prime target of ABP-CM4 action. Confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that the cytoskeleton of A. niger was destroyed when treated with ABP-CM4 at 8 muM. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy showed that the membrane and the cellular organelles of fungus were disrupted and there were many vacuoles in the fungal cellular space after the treatment with ABP-CM4. A gel-retardation assay showed that ABP-CM4 bound the DNA of A. niger. Our results suggest that ABP-CM4 exerts its antifungal activity by disrupting the structure of cell membranes and the cytoskeleton and interacts with the organelles, such as the mitochondrion and with the DNA in the fungal cell, subsequently resulting in cell death. PMID: 18696012 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 17 days ago
Related Articles [Specific effect of attenuated strain of Francisella tularensis on the development of radiation induced lesions in experimental animals and effictiveness of Antibacterial therapy for lesions induced by radiation combined with virulemt strain of the bacteria] Radiats Biol Radioecol. 2008 Jan-Feb;48(1):87-91 Authors: For study of the effects of whole-body gamma-radiation (1 and 4 Gy) on the response of the body to administration of vaccines and virulent strains of tularemia 206 outbred white mice were used. The results of the study shown that the administration of attenuated bacterial cells in 5 days after exposure to radiation (1 and 4 Gy) caused more severe post-radiation effects and the increase in the number of died animals. The severity of the disease was less if mice were vaccinated in 26 days after irradiation (4 Gy). The treatment of tularemia in irradiated mice twith Riphampicin (daily peroral administration, 5 mg/mouse, duration of treatment--7 days) administered in 4 hours after infection was effective and caused high survival of affected mice. The results show effectiveness of the riphampicin treatment of tularemia in the animals exposed to sublethal dose of radiation. PMID: 18666584 [PubMed - in process] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 41 days ago
Related Articles Antibacterial Action of Selenium-Enriched Probiotics Against Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Jul 10; Authors: Yang J, Huang K, Qin S, Wu X, Zhao Z, Chen F The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of selenium-enriched probiotics against pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) in vitro and in vivo. Escherichia coli was co-cultured in vitro with each probiotic strain individually, and a mixture of the four strains and its population was counted at various time points. We also collected a cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) of each probiotic strain and the four-strain mix to examine their Antibacterial activity, using the cylinder plate method. Results demonstrated that co-culture with probiotics significantly reduced the number of E. coli. The different sizes of the inhibition zones made by each CFCS proved that E. coli was inhibited by the metabolites of the probiotics. In vivo, Kunming mice were allocated to different groups supplemented with selenium-enriched and other probiotics. After 28 days, the mice were inoculated with pathogenic E. coli so that we could compare mortality rates and inspect other indexes of each treatment. The mortality of the group with selenium-enriched probiotics was the lowest. In addition, the organic antioxidant status improved, immunity was fortified, and the internal environment of the intestinal tract was enhanced with selenium-enriched probiotic su ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 39 days ago
Related Articles Rapid Antibacterial Activity of 2 Novel Hand Soaps: Evaluation of the Risk of Development of Bacterial Resistance to the Antibacterial Agents. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008 Jul 10; Authors: Geraldo IM, Gilman A, Shintre MS, Modak SM Objective. @nbsp; To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of and risk of organisms developing resistance to 2 novel hand soaps: (1) a soap containing triclosan, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and benzethonium chloride added to a soap base (TPB soap); and (2) a soap containing farnesol, polyhexamethylene biguanide, and benzethonium chloride added to a soap base (FPB soap). Tests also included soaps containing only triclosan. Design. @nbsp; The risk of emergence of resistant bacterial mutants was investigated by determining the susceptibility changes after repeated exposure of bacteria to the drugs and soaps in vitro. The effectiveness of the soaps was evaluated using an in vitro tube dilution method, a volunteer method (the ASTM standard), and 2 pig skin methods. Results. @nbsp; The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of triclosan against Staphylococcus aureus increased 8- to 62.5-fold, whereas those of TPB and FPB (both alone and in soap) were unchanged. In vitro, TPB and FPB soaps produced higher log(10) reductions in colony-forming units of all tested organisms (4.95-8.58) than did soaps containing triclosan alone (0.29-4.86). In the test using the ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 42 days ago
Related Articles New Antibacterial pentacyclic triterpenes from Myricaria elegans Royle. (tamariscineae). J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2008 Apr 16;:1 Authors: Ahmad M, Ahmad W, Khan S, Zeeshan M, Nisar M, Shaheen F, Ahmad M Two new pentacyclic triterpenes eleganene-A (1) and eleganene-B (2), along with four known pentacyclic triterpenes betulin (3), ursolic acid (4), erythrodiol (5) and corosolic acid (6) were isolated from the aerial parts of Myricaria elegans. These compounds exhibited significant Antibacterial activity. The structure of compounds 1 and 2 were deduced on the basis of their spectral analysis. PMID: 18608775 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher] ...

Source: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov --- 46 days ago
Related Articles Antibacterial activities of semipurified fractions of Quercus infectoria against enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 and its verocytotoxin production. J Food Prot. 2008 Jun;71(6):1223-7 Authors: Voravuthikunchai SP, Suwalak S Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the most important foodborne pathogens, causing nonbloody and bloody diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Use of antibiotics has been demonstrated to result in increased levels of verocytotoxin (VT) production as well as antibiotic resistance. Quercus infectoria was investigated for its Antibacterial activity against E. coli O157:H7 and other VT-producing enterohemorrhagic E. coli (VTEC). The MIC was determined by a broth microdilution method, and the MBC was assessed by subculturing the bacteria from the wells that showed no apparent growth onto Mueller-Hinton agar. The fractions Qi2, Qi3, and Qi4 of Q. infectoria were demonstrated to possess good Antibacterial activity, with MICs and MBCs ranging from 250 to 500 microg/ml. The effect of the effective fraction, Qi4, on the production of VT was determined using a reversed passive latex agglutination. The results indicate that at 20 h, fraction Qi4 markedly inhibits the release of VT1 and VT2 from VTEC cells at both inhibitory and subinhibitory concentrations. Furthermore, verotoxicity assay demonstrated that bacterial cultures treated with fraction Qi4 exerted less toxic effect on ...

Source: www.howstuffworks.com --- 24 days ago
Antibacterial soap is supposed to save us from deadly bacteria, but the microbes are surviving and may be getting stronger. Should we ban Antibacterial soap altogether? ...

Source: www.prnewswire.com --- 13 days ago
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Source: www.thepetitionsite.com --- 4 days ago
 every time we wash a cleaning item down the drain with the word            Antibacterial on it we pollute the water. ...

Source: www.ucop.edu --- 8 days ago
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Source: www.medscape.com --- 9 days ago
Uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections such as impetigo are becoming increasingly complicated to treat in the age of Antibacterial resistance. Medscape Gastroenterology ...